Medications in Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Medications in Nursing - Essay Example 228). As a nondepolarizing agent, this drug causes skeletal muscle paralysis by blocking the myoneural junction, interfering acetylcholine’s bid for cholinergic receptor sites and then binding with the nicotinic cholinergic receptor at the postjunctional membrane (Stoelting and Miller, 2007). Unlike other depolarizing agents however, vecuronium does not have much agonist activity and has no depolarizing impact at the motor endplate (McEvoy, et.al., 2009). As a muscle relaxant, this drug acts first on the eyelids and the jaw, then acts on the limbs, the abdomen, and then the diaphragm and the intercostals (Bledsoe, Clayden, and Papa, 2005). Adverse reactions of the drug may include skeletal muscle weakness and prolonged respiratory insufficiency or apnea (NDH, 2006). The intubating dose of 0.1mg/kg is sufficient to create intubating conditions within 3 minutes with effects lasting up to 45 minutes (Kovacs and Law, 2008). Co-administration with antibiotics can enhance neuromuscu lar blockade, thereby also causing increased muscle relaxation and increasing the potency of the drug (NDH, 2006). Using the drug with opioid analgesics can also increase neuromuscular blockade, thereby also causing increased skeletal muscle relaxation. ... This drug also acts on the CNS to improve the vagal tone, thereby, slowing the conduction through the nodes and thereby ensuring antiarrhythmic effect (NDH, 2006). Digoxin has a significant role in reducing ventricular rate in supraventricular arrhythmias in atrial fibrillations; hence it is the better drug choice for Mr. Jian. It can however cause fatigue, muscle weakness, agitation, headache, anorexia, vomiting, and diarrhea (NDH, 2006). In relation to other drugs, co-administration with verapamil and quinidine can increase the blood digoxin levels and provoke atrioventricular block; administering it with diuretics can cause hypokalemia which can increase the risk of ventricular arrhythmias (Berger, 2010). This drug is not advised for those with hypersensitivity to digoxin, for those with digitalis-induced toxicity, ventricular fibrillation, or ventricular tachycardia (NDH, 2006). For the nurse, there are various nursing precautions which should be considered in the administration of digoxin. After administration of the drug, the nurse needs to monitor Mr. Jian’s pulse rate because extreme slowing of the pulse may indicate digitalis toxicity (NDH, 2006). The nurse also needs to monitor the patient’s potassium levels carefully and take appropriate action before hypokalemia occurs. Before the drug is administered, the nurse needs to take the apical-radial pulse for 1 minute. She then needs to notify the prescriber for any changes (any significant increase or decrease in pulse). If such increase of decrease is seen, the patient’s BP needs to be checked and for an ECG to be performed (NDH, 2006). Question 3: Flecainide and Dofetilide Flecainide is a Class Ic

Symbolism and Motifs in the Great Gatsby Essay Example for Free

Symbolism and Motifs in the Great Gatsby Essay In chapter one, we are introduced to Nick Carraway, who describes himself as non- judgemental and tolerant. Throughout the book Nick is the non-reliable narrator . He is an observant third party throughout the book and gives the readers a close-up and exclusive angle on the story. This can often come across as a very bias point of view from Nick. In chapter one, ‘’the green light’’ is introduced, this is probably one of the most important symbols in The Great Gatsby. Green is the colour of hope and it first appears when Gatsby stares across the bay towards a green light at the end of a dock. In chapter two, one of the key symbols used in the book is ‘’this is a valley of ashes- a fantastic farm where ashes grow like wheat into ridges and hills and grotesque gardens where ashes take like forms of houses and chimneys and rising smoke and, finally, with a transcendent effort, of ash-grey men, who move dimly and already crumbling through the powdery air’’ (pg 26). I think the ‘’valley of ashes’’ represents something that is dark and lifeless, with the fire ashes representing death and destruction, possibly foreshadowing bad things that are to happen. I also think that the phrase ‘’transcendent effort’’ has a meaning of own fault, and that it didn’t take much effort for them to get in the situation instigated to happen in this second chapter, and that all the factors of the lifestyle they are living such as the glamour and the money and the parties is the result of a careless and vulnerable way of the living in the 1920s. Colour is also used here to emphasise destruction and darkness with the gray surrounding around them indicating the hopelessness of their situation. But above the grey land and the spasms of bleak dust which drift endlessly over it, you perceive, after a moment, the eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg. The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic- their retinas are one yard high. They look out of no face but, instead, from a pair of enormous yellow spectacles which pass over a nonexistent nose†¦But his eyes, dimmed a little by many paintless days under sun and rain, brood on over the solemn dumping ground. ’’(pg26) I think this passage is intended by Fitzgerald to come across as the eyes of God looking over the world. This could also link to Nick who is throughout the book the observant third party of the entire goings on. He is the only person in the book who knows what is fully going on in the book, yet i don’t think he understands the motives and reasons that have driven each of characters decisions. ‘The eyes of Doctor T. J. Eckleburg are blue and gigantic’ This also represents the idea of god watching over them. The blue colour is also used to show Corruption of spirit in the wasteland is also symbolized by the colour blue, which represents the destruction of reality. I Think the ‘Valley of ashes’ and ‘eyes of Doctor T.  J Eckleburg are linked strongly both be influenced by the idea of god watching what is going on. Another meaning for blue is fantasy. Gatbys blue gardens and his house let people escpae from reality. Gatsbys parties were always filled with dreams and illusions. Colours are used greatly throughout to symbolise all sorts of different things. White is used a lot suggesting purity, innocence and honesty. Nick considers himself to be one of the only truthful and honest people he knows and when he attends one of Gatsby’s parties for the first time, dresses in a white flannel suit. Fitzgerald suggests through the point of view of Nick that other characters wear white yet inside they are rotten and immoral. In Chapter three, Nick Carraway is at one of Gatsby’s parties and finds the drunken Owl Eyes in Gatsby’s huge libraries full of books. This shows that Owl eyes finds substance within Gatsby, simply because he has real books and in 1920s many people had book covers in which they kept different things. I think this means that there is more to Gatsby than it first seems and this also appeals to Nick who then i think becomes curious and slightly suspicious of Gatsby’s character. The eyes also seems to repeat the motif of the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg.. At this particular party, â€Å"the bar is in full swing, and floating rounds of cocktails permeate the garden. † Champagne is â€Å"served in glasses bigger than finger bowls. † I think that this links to excessiveness which is a very repetitive motif in the first 3 chapters, with characters, such as daisy for example, acting way over the top and putting on a show . Still, although the bar is crowded, â€Å"Gatsby was not there. † The fact that he does not drink sets him apart from guests like Owl Eyes who boasts of having been drunk â€Å"for about a week now. Prohibition, the law of the land, is ignored. This represents and symbolises the carelessness of the generation who attend Gatsby’s parties. Overall, the first three chapters I invite the reader for think about what is going to happen, there are many clues and hints given throughout by foreshadowing. I think Fitzgerald is clever to use Nick as an observant third party as well as an un-reliable narrator as I think it allows the reader to create their own points of view on what is going and what the characters currently introduced are like as well as take nicks bias accounts of events into perspective as well. The symbolism used in the first three chapters adds depth to the story making it not only about a story but creating a purpose to all the little details Fitzgerald has added to make characters, such as Gatsby for example, more mysterious as well as the story line. Colours play a huge part in the first three chapters and are very relevant to the storyline and colours change throughout the book like the characters change also.

Models of Professionalism in the PR Industry

Models of Professionalism in the PR Industry Professionalism is an attempt to translate one order of scarce resources, specialist knowledge and skills into social and economic rewards (Larson, 1977). It is describes as a sphere of expertise and identifying level of practice and competencies among Public Relations practitioners which has been developed for over hundreds years ago in our society. Different Public Relations (PR) associations shall practice different forms of code ethics. For example most of PR associations adopted Code of Athens while others have their own code of ethics as guidelines. In accordance to Brown (1986), he defined ethics as a set of values that establishes the criteria by which conduct will be judged. Ethics also are culture-bound and therefore create some difficulties for global public relations practice. Thus, Code of Ethics is a formal statement of an organisations values on certain ethical and social issues. The famous four models that influence the contemporary public relation theories of practice were adapted from Grunig and Hunts (1984). They comprised of Public agentry /publicity that was used to draw attention to an event. A two-way asymmetric will deal with the feedback from the public by providing persuasive communication. Whereas a two way symmetric is mutual understandings between the public and organisation that was built through dialogue, listening and understanding. Other theories discussed are the systems theory that helped to explain and predict organisation behaviours and contribution of PR role to the entity as whole. A situational theory is a tools to categorise publics perceptions of a situation and their subsequent behaviour; and agenda setting theory discussed about the media and the way news is selected by media outlets for consumption by the public (Sheehan Xavier 2009). PR practitioner are demanded to be ethical as they go professional. According to Seithel (1997), PR practitioner must be honest and trustworthy to cater the needs of the public and individual organisation in order to protect those who entrust their well being to the professional (try to rephrase the sentence- vague). They also need to protect their profession values and commit themselves to uphold the profession by honouring its obligation and values. In order to quantify professionalism, PR practitioner should demonstrate their skills on handling special tasks. Professionalism are divided into three categories. First, it is an act to serve the best interest of client and public, Utility of vagueness (Kultgen,1988) which contributes to the ideological use of functionalist models in the struggle for status. Secondly, it acts as an ideology of advocacy (Simon, 1978) where professional is neutral and detached from the clients purposes and also create an aggressive partisan of the client working to advance the clients needs. Finally, they denote a right that the public possesses by virtue of being the primary, generic unit in society. It is also denotes a benefit(s) from publics relationship with other units to insure the well-being of society as a whole.(nda ku paham) However as Bayles (1981) states not all responsibilities are those of individual professionals. Some are responsibilities of a profession as a whole and cannot be reduced to obligations of individual professionals. The use of professionalism normally linked in PR field with the expression of the need to improve occupational standing- body of knowledge, ethics and certification to understand the defining characteristics of profession (Cutlip, Center Broom, 1994, pp.129-163; Grunig Hunt, 1984,pp. 66-69; Wylie, 1994). This is to improve the effectiveness of public relations as well as their image of presentation. But how? Any examples For example, Institute of Public Relation in Malaysia does not belong to individual professional Public Relations practitioner but its portals who desire the systematic, organized growth and development of Public Relations as a profession, who contribute positively to the nations continuous growth and development in all spheres of human endeavours. This was subjected due to the different culture backgrounds and races in Malaysia. The main objective of Institute of Public Relation in Malaysia is to enhance professionalisms among public relations practitioners in Malaysia. To be more specific, the objectives of Institute of Public Relation in Malaysia are:- 1.Supports research and other educational activities in public relations. 2.Giving advice and provide information and create opportunities for discussions on all aspects of public relation activities. 3.To promote the understanding, development and recognition of public relations. 4.To established and prescribe standards of professi onal and ethical conduct and ensure the observance of those standards. 5.To encourage the attainment of professional academic qualification. 6.To nurture, promote and maintain contacts with public relation practitioners. The Institute of Public Relation in Malaysia (IPRM) has its own code of ethics to manage the practice of Public Relations in Malaysia. Public Relations practitioners in Malaysia are governed in two ways, firstly by the Code of Professional Conduct (Code of Athens) which was enforced by the institute of Public Relations Malaysia. Any negligence they can be fined and deregistered. Secondly, it is governed by the law of the country where Public Relations practitioner can be sued or imprisoned for any offences committed under the law of the country such as Printing Presses and Publication Act 1984, Seditition Act 1948, Defamation Act 1957, Copyright Act 1987 and Internal Security act 1960, revised in 1972. Institute of Public Relation in Malaysia Code of Ethics was adapted from the Code of Athens where all members should:- 1.Conduct professional activities with respect for the public interest 2.Shall at all time  deal fairly and honestly with his client or employers, past and present, with fellow members and with the general public 3.Shall not intentionally disseminate false or misleading information; maintain truth, accuracy and good taste. 4.Shall not engage in any practices which tend to corrupt the integrity of channels of public communication. 5.Shall not create or use of any organisation purporting to serve some announced cause  but actually promoting a special private interest of a member or his client or his employer which is not apparent 6.Shall safeguards the confidence of both present and formers clients and employers. Shall not disclose confidential information. 7.Shall not represent conflicting or competing interest 8.Shall not accept fees, commission or any other valu able consideration from anyone either than his client or employer. 9.Shall not attract business unfairly 10.Shall not purpose to prospective client or employer that his fee or other compensation to be contingent on the achievement of certain result. 11.Shall not intentionally injure the profession reputation or practice of another member 12.Shall not engaged in or be connected with any occupation or business which is not consistent with membership of the institute. 13.Shall not seek to supplant another member with his/her employer or client, no shall he/she encroach upon the professional employment of another member unless both parties are assured that there is no conflict of interest involved. 14.Shall corporate with fellow members in upholding and enforcing the code. In Malaysia, system theory of public relations and strategy strengthen the concepts of public relations management in Malaysia. System theory (general system theory) is widely being applied to the field of public relation in order to explain and predict the organisational behaviours and explain how the public relations role contributes to the entity as a whole (Sheehan and Xavier, 2009). With the application of system theory, professional can play their adaptive roles in shaping the standards of professionalism based on the concept of adjustment and adaptation of public relations. It is important in creating transparency of the organisations to their environment. Professional public relations practitioners should be able to respond to the dynamic real world, especially in competitive business environment (Cutlip et al., 2000; Cornelissen, 2004:167) For example, case study done by Zulhamri Abdullah and Therry Threadgold: Waste Management Company, CEOs stated that Unlike multinational companies which are taking a great concern over public relations as they have gone up and down, but some Malaysian companies have not really exposed to high competition and being having good at all time. Malaysian CEOs must be more agile and competitive. Communication is very important for a company to be appeared as the best company. This can be done by communicating and engaging your business with external stakeholders. Thats why we invest in PR to be seen by our stakeholders. A real PR practitioner must be able to influence a CEOs thinking and judgement. Here, PR is a part of top management committee. This statement shows the importance of the role of PR in the company and how the CEOs trust the PR ideas and judgement towards decision- making. Good communication skills will help the PR to exploit the business deals with internal and external stakeholders. In order to realise this vision, the development of PR knowledge is important towards the professionalism in the field. For nurturing real professionals and improve level of competencies among PR fraternity, it will take a long process. A lack of talent, skills and competency among PR practitioners are the most critical issues faced by the organisations/sectors. Accreditation is an important requirement in professionalization of PR practice which is based on voluntary rather than an imposed mandatory system. It should be more focus on providing technical and managerial knowledge and skills which is more complex and sophisticated. Social responsibility was the aim of IPRM and other PR Institute, in order to proof occupations value to the society by giving or putting facts which can be supported by the truth. Organisation in democratic societies exists with consent of the public so it is a must for the organisation to be socially responsible. There are some advantages and disadvantages of socially responsible PR. The advantages are by helping them to improve their professional practice through codifying and enforcing ethical conduct and standards of performance, stressing the need of the public. Also they serves the public interest by discussing the view articulate in the forum and to promote human welfare by helping social system to adapt the changing needs and environments. Whereas as a drawback, PR gains advantages for and promote special interest, sometimes at the cost of the public well being, strangled the channels of communication that confuses, and also corrodes the channel of communication with the cynicism and credibility gap. As conclusions, in order to be professional Public Relations practitioner, he/she must abide the code of ethics which have been provided by their organisations. They also should be trustworthy in handling specific task in order to gain trust from clients and the public itself. The level of skills to be professional will be judged through their expertise on handling the tasks given. ( dang ur conclusion not good enuf lah write more.. kalo boleh support with any statement) References: Abdullah Z. Threadgold T. Towards the Professionalisation of Public relations in Malaysia: Perception Management and Strategy Development. (accessed date 16/08/09) Barlett, J., Twyoniak, S. Hatcher, C. 2007. Public relations professional practice and the institutionalisation of CSR. Journal of Communication management, 11, 4, 281-99. Bivins, T. 1993. Public Relations, Professionalism, and the public interest. Journal of Business Ethics, Feb, 12, 2. Cornelissen, J.P. 2004. Corporate Communication: Theory and Practice. London: Saga Publication. Cutlip, S.M., Center, A.H broom, G.M. 2000. Effective Public Relations. London: Prentice Hall International, Inc. Institute of Public Relation in Malaysia.2009. Code of Ethics. http://www.iprm.org.my/index.php/code-of-athens/english-version (accessed date 16/08/09) Johnston J Zawawi C (eds), 2004, Public Relations Theory and Practice , 2nd edn, Allen and Unwin, Crows nest, NSW Pieczka M. and LEtang J. 2006. Public relations and the question of professionalism, in LEtang and Pieczka (eds). Public Relations Critical Debates and Contemporary Practice. Mahwah NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum, 265-78 Sheehan M. Xavier R. (eds) 2009, Public Relations Campaigns, 1st edn, Copyright Agency Limited, Sydney NSW.

Impact of tourism on destination

Impact of tourism on destination The term sustainability is used in order to consider socioeconomic, environmental, and cultural impact of tourism on destination and in order to avoid negative effect of the tourism, the following factors must be consider and keep in balance in order to gain permanent sustainability. A tourism destination will be said as sustainable if it contains the following characteristic. There must be limited impact on environment is the key and essential element and therefore the use of resource must be in way that doesnt affect the natural ecological process and that tourism mustnt affect/ disturb the biodiversity or natural heritage of the destination. A tourism will be said as sustainable if it doesnt affect/disturb the culture of the destination and do not make changes in the way of living, culture and native value of the destination and their inhabitants instead the sustaibilile tourism is one which promote the understand of each others culture (culture of host and guest) and therefore sustain able tourism lead increase understanding between guest and host communities and increase their level of tolerance to each other. A sustainable tourism must generate economic return for the host destination and their communities and these return should be equally distributed to those who deserve it not to be taken by some one else and spend for other purpose but instead a true sustainable tourism improve the socioeconomic life of host destination without affecting their culture and values. The return from sustainable tourism may be distribute in local communities through increasing opportunities for employment and generate income directly to host destination and furthermore this revenue must be used in improving the quality of life of inhabitant in host destination. Tourism in Maldives: Maldives is country made up of some twelve hundred islands but some around two hundred island are inhabited while the remaining though some are build as tourist resort but are even untouched including them some are given to external organization for different projects for example few of them are used for fisheries. Including fisheries. This trend of leasing island started when the tourism development and promotion of Maldives with name as Maldives Tourism Development Corporation (MTDC) which has presence through the country , the creation MTDC was a step towards Maldives government to develop its island with name Herathera in Addu Atoll , a wonderful resort for the tourist nad from this day a new chapter of Maldives history was initiated of allowing tourist to use its inhabited island and with the passage of time this concept modified and change into the trend of leasing part of land in island which has got airport for domestic travel to hotels. The tourism best use of accommodation in Maldives is based on a concept one island one resort and it is estimate that some six hundred thousand people visited Maldives in a year before recession and tsunami affected the island, this number is almost double than the local population of Maldives which is estimate at around three hundred thousand people.. Importance and key development on Sustainable in Maldives: Maldives is located at the south west of srilanka in the Indian Ocean. The special structure of Maldives make at most vulnerable place to be affected from global warming and the rise in the sea level. The current sustainability strategy based on vision 2020 focused economic, social and environmental priorities and Maldives has gain substantially from the objectives of vision 2020 in every area of social, economic and environment impact. How the destination has been planned and developed to achieve sustainability, including identification and actions to correct any areas of un-sustainability. The growing industry of tourism has posed serious risk to sustainability of culture of host destination together with leaving negative impact of environment and this issue doesnt apply to any one area or country sustainability is the issue of every country in the world Maldives was an initial few nation who join agenda 21 Millennium development goals and Johannesburg plan for implementation. The vision 2020 launch in the year of 1999 provide the basic frame work towards the sustainable development in Maldives. This vision has covered many areas from socio economic and environmental goal and the plan to achieve these goals together with setting objectives to preservation of natural resource such as biodiversity and natural environment. Dearden and Harron (1994) the tourists undertaking this type of tourism are often interested in a quite specific Attraction, be it a particular animal, mountain, cultural site, or people. The sustainability of Tourism is hence directly tied to maintaining the integrity of that attraction and mediating the Interaction between the tourists and the attraction over time, such that interest is maintained The Maldives national sustainability development strategy is basically drawn on the foundation of national development plan, together with it incorporate the environmental assessment and vision 2020. The strategy is bases on the key significant challenges face by Maldives including social integration and economic growth together environmental conservation. Based on these three objective the strategy develop have got to do address following key challenges. Sustainable use of resources in order to protect environment together the national development of Maldives which ensure prosperous life in healthy environment for the current generation and for the future generations to come. Due to its location and climate Maldives is one the most vulnerable island from climate change as some 8% of Total Island in Maldives are situated just over with in one meter from the sea level and therefore understandably making the future this beautiful island at risk due to climate and melting of ice leading to rise in sea level. In Maldives many of its island are not protected through any king coastal protection and therefore are prone to be affected from the flood and rising tidal wave and with the global warming causing melting of ice and rise in sea it is more difficult for people living in these flood prone dangerous island to save the lives as result increasing frequency of tidal waves and erosion. But this rising sea level is not posing danger to human life but also it posses great threat to coral reef ecosystem because increase in sea level lead to change in temperature and coral reef ecosystem is very critical for economic development together with fisheries and tourism. The second part of sustainability development strategy launch in 2005 based on national development plan and vision 2020 is regarding the economic development whose main purpose is to division of the this economic gain among people through giving them proper education and reducing poverty and increase employment opportunities for Maldives people. Maldives has gain very substantial growth during past 80s and 90s period but the devastating tsunami have considerable impact on economy of this island as before that countrys average GDP growth was over 7.5 percent in past fifteen years. The economy suffers badly since then with negative growth of -5.5% in 2005. The third objective of sustainability development strategy of Maldives is regarding social factors such provision of education, health and care with housing to Maldives people and Maldives have gain substantially on this factors as social factors of Maldives are very promising as country has witness fall in infant mortality rate, rising literacy rate. But still there are number of areas where Maldives have to work in order to be sustainable island on this planet such unemployment rate in Maldives is more than average and there strategy though brought benefits to people on Maldives on social but still there is much to do. When a park, marine or land is owned by the government or state of country it is proven fact there is less chances of unsustainibilities issues because state try and make sure to invest sufficient resource in infrastructural maintenance . In Maldives government use model of management as that applied in Europe or USA which create more sustainability issues (Adam and McShane,) 1992 but the problem with sustainability was still there and therefore the result of allowing companies to use island and designate them as protected area cause serious sustainability problems especially arising due to lack of care and high entrance charges and underinvestment in infrastructure together lack of preservation of bio diversity and in appropriate integration with the economy of Maldives, country as a whole. The use of deregulation in Maldives affect sustainability and to achieve suitability strong regulation is required but there may be case where deregulation and private ownership goes hand in hand with sustainability of destination to get this some bold steps are required such as private origination charge fees just enough to cover its operating cost and local goods and service usage should be encourage and that makes tourist destination integrated with economy How the destination has been and is being managed to achieve sustainability. Maldives is a small island for this island to survive, sustainability is very important and unavoidable the goal of sustainability development must be set and strategies to achieve on this goal must take into account the sustainable requirement community involvement. Maldives is going through very difficult, economic and environmental challenges and in order sustain its tourism and promote sustain bile tourism Maldives should take into account and take measure in order to attract more and more sustainable tourist. The problem is not only related with sustainable tourism but also could impact the whole basis of Maldives economy and therefore for the islands like Maldives which consist of very small island spread into different geographical locations Maldives have to plan sustainable tourism through an active intra sect orally active planning and Maldives have proved that they are following a sustainable plan strategy which is develop in consistency with goal and vision set for the future of nation and each and every sector of Maldives whether it is governmental or private plays an important part in the development of sustainable Maldives. The reason why foreigner businesses operate and prefer operation in Maldives are numerous but mainly due to liberal fiscal policies adapted by Maldives government and as there no capital gain tax and other many incentive offered by malices government but problem with foreign business operating in Maldives are not very concern about sustainability of Maldives such as cultural sustainability although foreign business contribute significantly in the revenue which is ultimately use for the sustainable development of islands. Recently Maldives president announce a plan for its country to be able to become carbon in decade time is one of the evidence of government commitment towards long term sustainability of the country as rising sea level present on many of Maldives islands which are just above the sea level is a great threat for the country and its future. The plan to make Maldives a carbon neutral country will make Maldives first country to take such a lead and its in its own interest to do so. It is estimate by the 2020 Maldives will get rid of energy from fossil fuels on its archipelago. The dangerous location of Maldives as most of its island are situated just 1 meter form the sea level and therefore a rise in sea level will completely finish this country and its inhibit at including 385,000 people. Maldives is a poor country but much active on sustainable development and now its ambition plan of being carbon neutral till 2020 will make it first to take such lead towards sustainable future and its a message Maldives to the rich countries to follow Maldives because they have all the resource but on the hand Maldives is poor country but still fighting for sustainable future. In order to analyse the impact of tourism on sustainability and therefore to make a tourist destination as sustainable, we need to understand that the carrying capacity and open access are the two important concept which must be looked thoroughly. Maldives have sufferer the sustainability issues in the past especially regarding environmental degradation due to rapid expansion of tourism and inadequate and dispersal response from the government of Maldives. It is very difficult to identify and define the carrying capacity of destination but it can be known while on the other hand the social and cultural unsustainbility due to tourism can not be measured. If we discuss open access resource that such resource such as beautiful scenic view etc lead to generate less revenue and even taking more tourist than carrying capacity lead to the degradation of environment together with affecting culture and society of destination. Countries often run in race of getting more and more tourist and therefore generate more revenue while ignoring the sustainability factors from tourism and its a high time for countries like Maldives to take the lead and make them a sustainable tourist destination not only to protect its environment but to sustain their culture and value and Maldives has always and till now is most active country in taking sustainable measures and has learn from the past. Conclusion: In order to promote itself as sustainable tourist destination the government of Maldives have taken some concrete and timely steps like one recently to make country carbon neutral country, being a poor country taking such lead highly commendable and shows the sincerity of Maldives towards sustainability but sustainability is the need of the hour for Maldives and therefore there must be informed participation from every stakeholder like local community, government, tourism organization operation in Maldives and government of Maldives need to provide leadership in order to make Maldives free from fossil fuels and make it most sustainable country in the world. Maldives is leading the sustainability initiative around the world but being a poor it has limited resource and therefore the government in sustain its economy and live of its habitats promote consensus in world towards a more sustainable world. It must be understand here that sustainbilibity is not one time issue but its continues process and therefore sustainable tourist in order remain sustainable must make efforts with changing times. Maldives being a sustainable tourist destination is very popular and visitor find good exciting holidays in the country together with high level of satisfaction and making their journey to part of the world a meaningful experience of their lives while sustainability is in itself a very effective marketing tool for host destination.

Joels Dream :: Dialogue Conversation Essays

Joel's Dream Joel was sitting in the airport lounge, sipping his mineral water, when the tanoy came on," BA flight two-six-one to Milan is now boarding. Please make your way to departure gate three, Thank you." " That's me! See you later Shaz, I'll phone you when I get there !" " See you Joel, hope everything goes okay!" After exchanging kisses, Joel picked up his bags and heads off through the Departures corridor and to the plane. Joel was possibly the best talent to come out of Scotland for years. He could play football with such style and skill, this was why he had been offered the most lucrative deal for a Scottish player ever. AC Milan, arguably the greatest team in the world had offered him a deal which would see him earn more than £40000 a week. This would make him the highest paid player in Europe and accelerate him to the top of world football. He was due to meet the manager on Monday to discuss the terms of his contract and if all went well he would sign for Milan and fulfill his dream of being a star footballer and also make his wife Sharon very very happy. Sharon was a gold digger and was after Joel for his money, but she did stick by him, they had been married for two years and if Joel got the contract Sharon would be able to move to Milan and have everything and have everything she desired. So obviously she was very determined to see this deal go through. After arriving at the hotel Joel settles in and unpacks before going to the Milan training camp to meet the players and his (hopefully) new manager, Roberto Ravelli. " Hello! I'm Erigo I will be your guide while you are in Italy. I'm sorry if my English is no good but I am still getting lessons. Anyway welcome to Italy!! Anywhere you want to go I will take you." " Oh thanks but I just want to meet the players then go back to the hotel and get some rest." " I understand it has been a long flight and you need to rest." " Yeah maybe we can go somewhere tomorrow or something!" said Joel who was getting a bit bored of talking and just wanted to get home and sleep. " OK then it's a date," replied Erigo." But I've been instructed to take you on a tour of the stadium before you go!"

The Love Story in James Cains Mildred Pierce :: Mildred Pierce Essays

The Love Story in James Cain's Mildred Pierce In Mildred Pierce, by James Cain, the novel revolves around some very interesting and universal concepts that seem to be themes in many of his novels. â€Å"As in his previous work, the novel revolves around love, money, and sex, but though success is perverse and wish fulfillment destructive, there is no murder† (Gale Group Biography) One most interesting theme is the theme of love and lust, and what drove the characters to their actions, and what motivated them. For some it was love, for some it was lust. So is Mildred Pierce a love story? Or is it just a tale of sex and scandals? In Cain’s works, love appears in almost a forbidden appearance, though it is obviously an important aspect. â€Å"Cain said he had only one story to tell: a love story. ’I write of the wish that comes true for some reason a terrifying concept ... I think my stories have some quality of the opening of a forbidden box.’ The act of forcing the wish to come true isolates Cain’s obsesses lovers from society and places them on what he calls a ’love-rack’† (Madden, journal) This forbidden box is very apparent in Mildred Pierce, as seen through the eyes of Mildred. Mildred appears to be a normal working mother, loving her children, and providing everything for them that she can, meanwhile struggling with her finances and problems with society’s expectations, and even her daughter, Veda’s expectations, which are quite a few. But underneath, there’s this very forbidden concept. Mildred loves her daughter, Veda, almost too much. â€Å"James T. Farell refers to Mildred’s ‘almost unnatural love for her daughter’† (Madden James M. Cain, 79) It is never exactly said in so many words, but the idea of Mildred loving her daughter more than what is natural is there, lurking underneath, like a forbidden box, on the verge of opening. Yet, even though we see signs of it, we don’t seem to lose respect for Mildred, because of her character, and the way it is drawn out, because Mildred herself never even realiz es it. This is something that would seem to be very hard to accomplish as a writer, and Cain does a fantastic job of it, illustrating the forbidden and the not forbidden love Mildred feels for Veda.

A Semiotic Analysis of the Battle Fo Algiers

The Battle of Algiers, which was produced in 1966 and directed by Gillo Pontecorvo, is a film which explores the Algerian struggle for independence between 1954 and 1962. The film is constructed using a documentary style and was filmed on the actual locations where events unfolded. The Battle of Algiers is an example of neorealist filmmaking which purports to give an objective, realistic account of the battles waged between the FLN (National Liberation Front) rebels and the French military. The formal elements of style which create the narrative can be examined using semiotic theory in order to better understand how the viewer can be interpellated into particular ideological positions. Interestingly, the ideal viewing position is not easily recognisable, which is why the film works well in striking a balance in presenting the points of views of combating sides. Semiotics refers to the study of and meaning created by ‘signs’, which are composed of ‘signifiers’ and their ‘signifieds’. Semiotic systems are culturally contingent; they appeal to and are informed by ideology (O’sullivan, Hartley, Saunders, Montgomery & Fiske, 2004). Therefore, it may be significant to note that The Battle of Algiers is essentially a European production as the â€Å"key creative positions in the production of the film were occupied by Italians† (Wayne, 2001, p. 9). With this in mind, it would appear that the characterisations which are constructed through the combination of formal filmic conventions can be seen to position the viewer into considering the futility of continued political control over a colonised state, regardless of the viewer’s ideological point of view. Ostensibly, the characterisations of the combatants from the FLN and the French military are polarised opposites. The FLN rebels are less organised, poorly funded, less literate and rely on deception and terror to further their cause. Opposed to this, the French paratroopers are well organised, disciplined, calculating, brutal, and use torture and modern weaponry to counter the rebels. The character of Ali La-Pointe can be read as the embodiment of the FLN, whereas Colonel Philippe Mathieu can be read as the embodiment of the French military. La-Pointe is played by non-professional actor, Brahim Haggiag, â€Å"a real life petty criminal† (Odeh, 2004). On the other hand, Colonel Mathieu is played by the only professional in the cast, Jean Martin (Odeh, 2004). La-Pointe is presented as being poorly educated and disenfranchised. His poor education is signified in the scene where he asks the boy messenger, Petit Omar, to read him a communication from FLN leader, Jaffar. Other signifiers of his poor education and low socio-economic status are his tatty clothing, unkempt appearance and lack of paid employment. La-Pointe is characterised as being ill-disciplined and short-tempered. This is signified clearly by La-Pointe punching a young Frenchman after he is called a ‘dirty Arab’. His past crimes, albeit petty, are signified by voiceover. La-Pointe is also impulsive in his role as a rebel leader. He is impatient to fight the French military and does not see the sense in the more measured approach suggested by Jaffar. Whilst La-Pointe is not a model citizen and is not easy to sympathise with he is, however, characterised as being a strong leader, courageous and loyal to his cause. La-Pointe’s characterisation perhaps works to interpellate the viewer into a position which favours a bourgeois ideology, because La-Pointe’s rise to eminence within the FLN is seemingly more out of vengeance and revenge, rather than any political manoeuvring or prowess. Ironically, this lack of political power which results in violence and terror adds authenticity to La-Pointe’s character and in so doing, his character positions the viewer to understand that the French hegemonic ideology is the root cause of the Arabs’ disenfranchisement. In contrast to La-Pointe, Colonel Mathieu is characterised as being intelligent, charismatic and disciplined; he is the embodiment of the French military and by extension the French culture. Mathieu is the most developed character in the film and this can be read as being metaphoric of the French culture’s supposed sophistication. The mise-en-scene when Mathieu is parading down a large street along the seafront after being recruited to command the offensive against the FLN rebels is significant. Matheiu, a tall, sturdy, middle-aged man looks resplendent in full military uniform amidst cheering ‘French’ locals and is presented as the messiah like character. Tellingly though, it is the dark sunglasses, rolled up sleeves and unbuttoned shirt which give him an authentic and individual appearance; he appears to be a man of action and experience. The viewer is immediately positioned to sense that Mathieu’s arrival will coincide with a significant change in events in Algiers. As the viewers’ expectations are played out they are positioned to sympathise with Mathieu’s point-of-view. When Mathieu first arrives in Algiers, he sets about systematically dismantling the resistance, however, he points out to his colleagues that not all of the Arabs are terrorists and that most do not present a threat at all (Odeh, 2002). This is signified by Mathieu saying: There are four hundred thousand Arabs in Algeria; are they all enemies? We know they are not. But a small minority hold sway by means of terror and violence (Pontecorvo, 1966). He describes the organisational structure of the FLN, how they recruit members and why they are a considerable threat. This signifies Mathieu’s knowledge of military tactics and strategy, as well as his respect of the enemy. This respect for his enemy is also signified through the following quote: â€Å"It’s a dangerous enemy†¦ using tried-and-true revolutionary methods as well as original tactics† (Pontecorvo, 1966). Although Mathieu is presented as being respectful of his adversaries, he is, on the other hand, ruthless and actively condones the use of torture. His is an attitude of ‘win at all costs’ and the ‘end justifies the means’ approach. Mathieu euphemistically uses the word ‘interrogation’ for torture in order to gain intelligence to dismantle the FLN pyramid structure. As he emphatically puts it, the interrogation will be â€Å"conducted in such a way as to ensure we always get an answer† (Pontecorvo, 1966). When questioned about these tactics in a press conference, Mathieu justifies his tactics as being the lesser of two evils, and the only way to counter clandestine tactics such as setting off bombs in public places. He is fully aware of the creation of a vicious cycle of terrorism and counterterrorism which highlights the complexity of the situation and the necessity for decisive actions. The viewer is positioned to sympathise with Mathieu’s persuasive rhetoric not only through his words but also because of the camera angles in this scene. The use of a low camera angle from the journalists’ perspective reinforces Mathieu as the dominant figure in the room and adds weight to his profound rhetoric. Mathieu is also belligerent towards the hypocritical journalists who want the FLN defeated, but are critical of the methods employed. The mise-en-scene during the press conference shows the dominant figure Mathieu standing slightly in front of three military colleagues who are wearing stern expressions in a show of solidarity with their leader. They are flanked by a blackboard which shows a line graph with an upward trend. This could be read as signifying an upward trend in terrorist acts or bombings. Throughout the press conference, Mathieu is in the centre of frame and stands bolt upright in a dominant fashion with hands on hips. The positioning of Mathieu as a powerful figure with courage and vigour sets him up as being a metaphoric representation of French pride. Mathieu sits down in a more relaxed fashion as he appeals to the journalists’ sense of pride. He states, â€Å"We’re neither madmen nor sadists† and reminds them of the â€Å"role many of us played in the resistance† (referring to WWII; Pontecorvo, 1966). In this powerful scene Mathieu is juxtaposed with the captured FLN commander Benjamin M’hidi. M’hidi is questioned by a journalist about the use of terror tactics and is asked, â€Å"isn’t it cowardly to use your women’s baskets to carry bombs which have taken so many innocent lives? † (Pontecorvo, 1966). M’hidi replies by comparing these actions with the even more devastating effect from use of bomber planes and napalm, and suggests that he would swap the baskets for the bombers. This comment highlights the difference between the resources of the French and the FLN and by extension the difference between the wealth and infrastructure of the French Algerians compared with the much poorer and disenfranchised Algerian Natives. The camera angles are higher when M’hidi is in shot and the reader is positioned to view him as less powerful than Mathieu; what’s more most of the journalists are also standing, making the camera angle similar when they are in view which works to present them as being equally important as M’hidi. The journalists and photographers are also rowdier and jostle for position signifying less respect for him. However, M’hidi who is clearly surrounded by such adversity is defiant; when asked if he thinks the FLN can defeat the French army, he poignantly suggests that they have a better chance of victory than the French have of changing history. While M’hidi’s argument is compelling, it is Mathieu’s charisma which is most memorable in this scene as it is in most others in which he is involved. With this in mind, it could be argued that it is most likely that the viewer will be interpellated into the ideological position of bourgeois subject. The Battle of Algiers is very complex in its viewer positioning however, and while on the one hand it positions the viewer to respect Mathieu as an indomitable character with admirable intentions, this is somewhat countered by some negative racist traiting. Shortly after Mathieu’s arrival, it becomes clear that he has a racist attitude. This is signified by his description of the Arabs as being â€Å"like rabbits in a cage† and is reinforced by the smirk on his face. When asked by the General, what he is calling the operation, he whimsically looks through a pair of binoculars and sees a sign by the shipping dock which says â€Å"drink Champagne. † He then informs the general that he will call the operation ‘Champagne’. This use of the word ‘champagne’ is metaphoric of the hegemonic rise of the French culture being imparted upon the Algerians, especially given the fact that the sign is at a dock yard symbolising the foreign influence being transported from abroad. However, Mathieu’s racist attitude is somewhat tempered throughout the film. This is signified in the scene where FLN commander, Jaffar, is captured in a seemingly inevitable fashion as the FLN are being systematically destroyed by the French paratroopers; while Mathieu escorts Jaffar in a vehicle he admits that he’d â€Å"have hated to have blown you all up† (Pontecorvo, 1966). Mathieu explains that he has had Jaffar’s picture on his desk for months and he felt like he knew him a bit. He also signifies his admiration in a subtle manner by telling Jaffar: â€Å"You don’t strike me as the kind for empty gestures† (Pontecorvo, 1966). Mathieu does not demonstrate any animosity towards Jaffar and the only satisfaction he finds in his capture is through the achievement of his military objective. This complex traiting is significant, given that Mathieu works, in a broad sense, as a metonym of the French military and government; it shows that even the most admirable of characters is not truly existential in nature. He is still a subject of the French ideology, and therefore when surrounded by colleagues he assumes the racist persona. However, when he is interacting on a one-on-one basis with Jaffar, he is able to express empathy for his prisoner. What this highlights is the difficulty in effecting political change as a subject of the dominant ideology. It is significant that the film works to develop the character of Mathieu while neglecting the development of any other ‘French’ characters. In contrast to this, several Arab characters are at least partially developed, albeit not as well crafted or nuanced in their presentation. This can be seen as symbolic of the opposing ideologies at work. Mathieu who represents the force of the dominant ideology is an empowered character who is allowed to express himself and has the support of the educated, wealthy French colonialists. In contrast, the main Arab characters including FLN Leaders La-Pointe, Jaffar, M’hidi and boy messenger Petit Omar are less developed, but in so doing appear to be more ‘archetypal’ and representative of typical characters who inhabit the poverty-stricken Casbah. This sets up an ‘us versus them’ dichotomy in terms of ideological positions. The less-dominant Arabic ideology is becoming more powerful and is reflected in more characters performing a powerful role for change. In contrast, the dominant French ideology is lessening in strength as the French colonialists are seen to be more ambivalent towards change. This is understandable as they are wealthier and have more political power. The French military finally win the battle in 1957 by capturing or killing all the FLN leaders. Ultimately though, it is the native Algerians who win their independence. The film finishes by depicting the large scale demonstrations which occurred two years later, which (according to the French press) appeared unexpectedly and originated in the mountains. Many unarmed Arabs are killed by the French military during the demonstrations but the Arabs continue to demonstrate and march for ten days, chanting and waving flags. The flags are an obvious signifier of unity, pride and a hope for independence. The film ends with one of the more powerful images of the film; an Arab woman is holding a flag whilst dancing and yelling at the French military in obvious defiance. She has a determined, almost hypnotised expression on her face. This powerful mise-en-scene with the woman being backed by hundreds of demonstrators defiant in the face of powerful suppression foreshadows an inevitable change of politics after another two years of struggle. The words of Benjamin M’hidi seem even more profound by the end of the film: you cannot change the course of history (Pontecorvo, 1966). References http://www.brightlightsfilm.com/46/algiers.htm