Sociological Explanations For Gender Differences - 936 Words

Outline and Assess Sociological Explanations for Gender Differences in Crime Rates Current statistics show that men commit 80% of all crime and women commit only 20%. However there are arguments to suggest that the statistics highlight an under representation of female criminality, and there are many sociological arguments to suggest that female criminals are treated more leniently. On the other hand, some sociologists believe women are treated more harshly when they commit certain types of crime. This essay aims to assess the reasons for gender differences in reported crime rates. Official crime rates are measured by crimes reported and recorded by the police and criminal justice system, and are collected by the Home Office. Frances Heidensohn (1975) believes that male criminality is 5 times higher than female criminality, which current data supports. However, Otto Pollak (1961) was the first sociologist to argue that crime rates for female crime were inaccurate. He believed that women were treated more leniently by the police and criminal justice system, which highlighted the under representation of female criminality in the official statistics. He argued that women were more likely to commit crimes such as petty theft, prostitution and criminal abortions, which were then likely to be treated more leniently. Pollak’s theories have been widely criticised and may not be relevant today; indeed he failed to take into account the decriminalisation of abortion in many of theShow MoreRelatedSociological Explanations For Gender Difference1387 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE: outline and assess sociological explanations for gender difference in patterns of crime. What is the relationship between crime and masculinity? Crime can be described as an act that harmful to an individual as well as the society; such acts are against and punishable by the law. While deviance can be described as acting against social norms, for example a boy wearing a skirt would be out of place in the society The sex role theory states that, when young males and females are younger theyRead MoreOutline and Assess Sociological Explanations of Gender Difference in Patterns of Crime.2210 Words   |  9 Pagesas deviant. Official statistics have proven that 80% of all crimes are committed by males. However the study of criminology have tended to be dominated by males, therefore the studies are done by men about men. The official statistics suggest that gender is perhaps the most significant single factor in whether an individual is convicted of crime. The official statistics often comply with the common assumption that men commit more crimes then women. According to official statistics, in 2005, 1.8Read MoreUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess Sociological Explanations of Gender Differences in Achievement and Subject Choice. (20 Marks)791 Words   |  4 Pagesachieving two or more A-levels or equivalent has increased from 20% in 1990 to 42% in 2006. Over the same time period, the percentage of males achieving the same level increased from 18% to 33%. On the other hand, there still continues to be a large difference in the choice of subjects by males and females. Even with the national curriculum being restrictive in the lower levels, meaning both male and females do the same subjects, when they get to a-levels and degree level, both male and females stillRead MoreEssay on Lisa Belkins The Opt-Out Revolution 1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe workforce post-childbirth. Belkin elaborates on the â€Å"stalled revolutionâ₠¬  that women and feminists alike are facing today, citing explanations varying from the essentialist belief of inherent biological differences between men and women to the role of socialization in the creation of gender roles. One of Belkin’s more interesting arguments involves the difference between women’s definition of success and men’s, and the impact it has on their respective definitions of work. In sum, Belkin’s primaryRead MoreCommon Sense Explanations And The Explanations Of C. Wright Mills Theory Of The Sociological Imagination1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the differences between common sense explanations and the explanations of C. Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experiences and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. Whereas, the Sociological Imagination thought up by sociologist C. Wright Mills (1959) is ba sed on the ideas of thinking critically and skeptically, in order to think sociologically. He wrote thatRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1697 Words   |  7 Pagesmen, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (â€Å"Equal Pay,† n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologically important for many reasonsRead MoreSociological And Common Sense Understanding1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Sociology Throughout this essay, I will explain the distinction between sociological and common sense understanding, highlight the differences between sociology and other social sciences, and evaluate two sociological perspectives – Marxism and feminism. Sociology is the scientific study of human society. It examines the development of social structures, and the interaction between these structures and human behaviour. Sociologists aim to provide tools of understanding the processRead MorePraying Habits Through A Multicultural Church Gathering1371 Words   |  6 PagesPRAYING HABITS IN A MULTICULTURAL CHURCH GATHERING The purpose of this research and writing this paper is to understand the sociological behavior of different ages, genders and backgrounds in relations to the belief in Prayers and to analyze how sociological factor and values can influence the pattern and habit of praying. Prayer represents an individual’s attempt to communicate with the supernatural (Stark and Finke 2000), as well as oneself and others (Ladd and Sphilka 2002, 2006). As much asRead MoreThe Gender Trap : Parents And The Pitfalls Of Raising Boys And Girls Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesName Course Tutor Date Book Review of â€Å"The Gender Trap: Parents and the Pitfalls of Raising Boys and Girls† by Kane Emily W. This is a book that explains why the gender trap is not the parent’s fault, but a social construction. One of the social institutions is the family. Through the family, Kane has explained the role of the parents in maintaining the social gender trap. Kane has analyzed her interviews with parents of preschool children to show the beliefs and motivations that construct theRead MoreObesity as a Social Issue Through the Advancement of Technology1026 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancement of technology, gender differences and the socio-economic status of individuals. First however, it is imperative to step away from the familiarity of our lives and look at obesity from a new point of view. (Giddens, 2013) To divulge deeper into the relationships between personal experience and the wider society, and recognize the influential ability of this interaction. It is this act of sociological thinking that C. Wright Mills (2010) called the sociological imagination. For this to

Rousseau´s Solution to ¨The Fundamental Problem¨ - 1178 Words

The problem is to find a form of association †¦ in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.’ Does Rousseau have a convincing solution to the problem he poses? The opening line of Jean-Jacques Rousseaus influential work The Social Contract (1762), is man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they. These are not physical chains, but psychological and means that all men are constraints of the laws they are subjected to, and that they are forced into a false liberty, irrespective of class. This goes against Rousseaus theory of general will which is at the heart of his philosophy. In†¦show more content†¦In Platos Crito, Socrates chose not to escape prison because he had chosen to reside in Athens, by doing so he accepted the terms on the implied contract. In Hobbes Leviathan, his social contract view concluded that all individuals, to avoid an anarchic state of nature should give up their individualistic rights to a ruler or rulers in return for safety under the laws imposed by the ruler. Locke in his second treatise on civil government differed sl ightly from Hobbes, by concluded that individuals in a state of nature would cohere and provide a neutral entity that would protect lives and property by introducing laws. David Hume was a critic of Hobbes and Lockes versions of the social contract. Firstly he points out that there had never been a situation called the state of nature and that no-one had consented to a social contract, mainly because the social contract was purely hypothetical. Almost all governments that exist at present...have been founded either on usurpation or conquest, or both, without any pretence of a fair consent or voluntary subjection of the people (Hume extract line 81-83). A friend of Rousseaus, Hume did agree that it did not matter how a government was formed, it can only rest if it has the legitimate foundation of the peoples it governs consent. This solution where a democratic government is in place, means that individuals can vote and have their individual concerns used to influence decisions madeShow MoreRelatedMontesquieu s Spirit Of Laws And Jean Jacques Rousseau s On The Social Contract1620 Words   |  7 PagesWhat entity dictates life on the most fundamental level? Is it the government or the people who permit the government to exist? This is the main point of contention between Baron de Montesquieu s Spirit of Laws and Jean-Jacques Rousseau s On the Social Contract. Interestingly, their interpretation of different forms of government converge on the sovereignty of a democracy, but that is where most of their common ground lies. While Rousseau shares similarities on the sovereign authority of a democracyRead MoreAutonomy Means Behaving And Thinking Independently Of Others1528 Words   |  7 Pageschildren and how much inference of adults should be involved in early childhood education. So, this essay will discuss t he sense of autonomy required for children to grow as explored in the work of two great educational philosophers, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Maria Montessori. Furthermore, every child get different levels of autonomy depend on the family, customs, traditions, rules and regulations of the country where they live. I got birth in India and spend my childhood there. The essay will furtherRead MoreThe Inequality Of Class Stratification950 Words   |  4 Pages1. Are we really equal? â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains† (Rousseau, 1994, p.45.). This report will develop from the foundation of Rousseau, exploring the notion that all humans are understood as equal, yet disparities across society are widespread. I will assert that class stratification is manifested within the micro-level sociology of education. It will demonstrate that class inequalities are maintained and reproduced through the means of social, economic and cultural capitalRead MoreRousseaus Discourse On Inequality1770 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Rousseau s â€Å"Discourse on Inequality†, there are four stages to the social evolution in humans; it s natural state, family, nation, and civil society. There are two types of inequalities, natural (or physical) and moral. Natural inequality stems from differences in age, health, or other physical characteristics. Moral inequality is established by convention or consent of men. One of the first and most important q uestions Rousseau asks is For how is it possible to know the source ofRead MoreEducation, Crisis And The Cultivation Of A Great Leader3160 Words   |  13 PagesEducation, Crisis and The Cultivation of a Great Leader Introduction Education, as a source of or solution to the crisis of problems in society, is the basis for the following discussion. Naturally, the philosophy of education has been a topic of complex analysis by the prominent philosophers throughout history in an attempt to address issue facing the societies of their era, and continues to be a controversial and challenging issue in the 21st century. One must question the reason for why educationRead MoreEssay about Marx (The Communist Manifesto) and Rousseau2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx examined the role that the state played and its relationship to its citizen’s participation and access to the political economy during different struggles and tumultuous times. Rousseau was a believer of the concept of social contract with limits established by the good will and community participation of citizens while government receives its powers given to it. Karl Marx believed that power wa s to be taken by the people through theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tolstoy Tolstoy s The Sigh 2435 Words   |  10 Pagesart. This â€Å"nourishment† stems from the idea that one must have the feelings of the artist transmitted to them, and if they experience similar feelings as the artist then it is true art and the observer/viewer is nourished. This â€Å"hunger†, this fundamental human need, which good art satisfies is the need for man to be united. This lack of connection leaves humans hungry for real connection with those around them, connections that are not tainted with corruption, but art that makes all men feel unitedRead MoreThe French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and the American Revolution1831 Words   |  8 Pagesalmost all societies. I believe that it is commonly used at universities to teach history. They only thing that I could be skeptic about is that its copyright 1992, which may seem out of date. But in consideration to the task, I see this as a minimal problem. The second book I received great information from was the classical National Encyclopedia. I feel that this is a reliable source to seek information from. I believe that this encyclopedia was also dated at 1992, but like I said before, I reckonRead MoreAccenture - Incentivise Employees and Reduce Labour Turnover7401 Words   |  30 Pagesmotivates people to work and satisfies them while at the same time contributing to organizational effectiveness† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 5). Schuster and Zingheim (1992) went on to develop this concept of new pay, highlighting some of its fundamental principles. This included the idea of a total compensation program, which tied business strategy with reward strategy in order to reinforcing specific organisation behaviours. Pay was considered to be a lever that could help organisations to embraceRead MoreCategorical Imperative2266 Words   |  10 Pages10. He was a prolific reader, especially in history, science, travel, and philosophy. He knew English history and literature intimately, especially in the period of Queen Anne. He read little of Goethe or Schiller, but often re-read Voltaire and Rousseau. He had little interest in nature, and in 80 years never traveled more than 40 miles from his native Konigsburg. Categorical Imperative From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The philosophical concept of a  categorical imperative  is central to

“The King of Torts” by John Grisham Free Essays

Clay Carter is a public defender doing boring, low-paid, through which every beginning lawyer is to go through. Carter has been there for too long, and this job does not bode anything to Carter†¦ up to the point, when he takes up the case of Tequila Watson, a 20-year-old youth who has committed a murder seemingly without any reasons†¦ Up to the point, when Carter realizes that beneath a hackneyed case there is a real case, which is difficult and dangerous, boding a huge amount of money. This case can become the start of a dazzling legal career – if Carter takes the risk and stakes his all†¦ This is the entanglement of the legal suspense thriller â€Å"The King of Torts† (2003) by John Grisham. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The King of Torts† by John Grisham or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel has a fast-pace and dynamic plot, which takes Carter from the mundane post of public defendant to the pecuniary cream of the society. John Grisham, a former lawyer and now a successful novelist, is known for his penetrating insights into the American legal system, made in his numerous earlier novels like â€Å"A Time to Kill†(1989) and â€Å"Runaway Jury† (1996). This time Grisham takes on the â€Å"torts†, lawyers who lead suits against large corporations in the name of many people, who suffered from the actions or products of this company; the attorney receives a considerable percent from all payouts of all plaintiffs and his payout can be measured in billions. As Clay Carter engages into the case of Tequila Watson, he discovers an enormous conspiracy, where the big pharmaceutical company is involved. Tempted by the mysterious stranger Max, he plunges into tort business and is soon dubbed â€Å"king of torts† for his success. He starts leading a luxurious life, living in a luxurious house and driving a black Porsche; however, everything has its price. The price of success for Carter is his moral and professional principles, which he eagerly sells in exchange for fame and fortune. In this novel, Grisham makes a grim commentary on the American legal system, which has turned into a machine for earning money for attorneys. Apart from the exciting plot, the most gripping suspense lies in the attitude of the reader to the protagonist. Carter is evidently degrading, but will the reader find â€Å"extenuating circumstances† to justify him or at least to understand his downfall? This is a question, which you can answer only after turning the last page of this gripping thriller. References Grisham, J. (2003). The King of Torts. New York: Doubleday. How to cite â€Å"The King of Torts† by John Grisham, Essay examples

Electronic Medical Records

Question: Discuss about theElectronic Medical Records. Answer: Introduction: Health care management is a critical area that should be thoroughly assessed and properly managed to ensure that it runs smoothly and efficiently. A number of statistics that have been conducted across the globe has shown a trend in adaptations of various health care changes that will ensure that sustainable and positive changes are achieved. Due to global deterioration in view of the subject, majorly within the health care facilities, I decided to participate in health care related change that was going to ensure efficiency in terms of the management of the sector in question (Carter, American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine, 2001). Electronic Medical Records as the Adopted Change The main change that my team and I participated in ensuring that we achieve our aim was to introduce the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) which has the records of standard clinical and medical data (Gkoulalas, Loukides, 2012). These are actually the information that is kept by the hospital management with regards to their daily services. The records were going to ensure easier retrieval of detailed medical history of a patient should there be a need since records are electronically managed. Other than the above change, my team also recommended for a standby support to the Electronic Medical Records known as Electronic Health Records that would ensure that the health records of a patient can be mobile. This we saw as an idea that was going to assist patients carry their medical records to other health care specialists, nursing homes and even across the state, but it was only to apply if there was need (Iyer, Levin, Shea, Ashton, 2006). What Triggered the Change to EMR My teams basic focus was on the Electronic Medical Records. I had to see this change happen through a number of ways but most vital one was through the medical history of the patients. How they are taken down, processed, stored and finally; how they are kept. The subject change was triggered by a number of key issues or even steps. One of the most important key areas that triggered the change was on the benefits of the EMRs that gave hope for a better future in terms of the management of the health facilities (Leese, et al 2005). The advantages that we looked at as a team were mainly on the ability of Electronic Medical Records to track huge range of data within the shortest range of time. Apart from that, EMR was also seen by the team as being able to improve the overall output quality in terms of care in practice. It was also able to offer monitorial duties mainly on how patients sum up to certain medical parameters such as blood pressure readings and finally vaccination. The other area that my team assessed which I saw as a credit on the teams side was that, the data that is mainly kept by the subject device cannot be shared easily with the providers who are outside of a practice. These were the main reasons that triggered our interest in the device in question as a way of ensuring that change is achieved or realized within the health care facilities in terms of health care management (Scott 2007). I directed my team to the best of my knowledge to ensure that the change we were bringing on board was achievable, and reminded them of my week one lecture where one professor Sir Ian Kennedy, once said that during his research period, he gathered evidence that showed commitment and enthusiasm in health care services. The Planning Developed In order for affectivity in my teams program, we had to develop an elaborate plan that was going to ensure that EMR was going to be a success in the managerial role within the health care facilities. The first plan that was put into consideration was how; we were going to get the sources of financial options to health care facilities across the globe. The other plan was on the relevant personnel who were going to operate the subject electronic device for the purpose of efficiency. Finally, we were concerned on the integration methodology since we still needed a way on how the prior records kept by health facilities can be transferred to EMR. My team had to divide itself into two sub teams, where every sub team was to explore the planning criteria adequately and finally making up the initial team and drawing conclusion (Skolnik, 2011). Our plan explored an elaborate system, where financial backup was consensually agreed to be sought from both World Bank and World Health Organization. We also explored how the personnel who were going to operate the machines would be hired and we settled on recruiting qualified personnel with medical background in terms of the knowledge. Our final step looked at the integration procedures, which was uniformly agreed by team members to involve every stakeholder who were previously dealing with the records and the ones who were going to operate the EMRs for smooth transition (United States, 2006). Key Factors that Drove the Change Remember, this was an initiative that was driven by a number of key factors of which majority of the factors has been widely covered. The main ones have been discussed to be; The need for an improvement in terms of keeping and storing of patients medical history and there easy retrieval when needed. This was also going to positively impact the policies of implementation because most of the data are electronically processed. The other key factor is on the need of ensuring efficiency within the subject management. I also had to capture my teams attention in reference to my week two class notes that explored some of the difficulties that people normally encounter when it comes to making changes to the health care system. This was another vital factor that was also in line with strengthening the policies that would also be adopted at the implementation procedure or even in the future. This is due to the fact that policies are meant for ensuring efficiency, which the factor was based on. We therefore had to do our best not disregarding the notes content in view of the subject week but staying on the safer side and avoiding any barrier that may arise. Implementation of the Change Our final and major concern was now based on the implementation of the change that we have been working on. We were aware that previously, scholars have tried implementing the above change through the use of a diffusion theory of one personality by the name Kotter. The full name of the theory was, Kotters Change Management Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory. On my side, I recommended to my team to pick on one of the models that I have in my class notes because they are the once that I was convinced would not face any barrier in the implementation level. Other than that, my team also used the Kurt Lewin Management theory for the purpose of implementation. The main reason for the use of this theory is because it can easily lead to better understanding for the change in context and its ease to also overcome resistance from outside forces. Model for Implementation The model that we therefore picked on from the class notes in week three was that model known as Bullock and Battens model. This model has been in existence since 1985 and it is divided into three phases. The first phase being exploration, the second one being planning, the third action and finally integration is the last one. This model first calls for the exploration of the current status quo of the existing health facilities and assessing their management. It then plans on how they can be improved by developing a number of key concerns as far as planning is concerned. An action is then taken once planning has been exhausted, it is at this level where implementation also takes place and finally integration is realized. This is the main final stage that once reached. The change is viewed or rather termed as a success. My teams recommendation especially at the implementation stage features EMRs as one of the best or highly efficient in terms or records management and also a booster to the health management (Zaleski, Siemens, 2009). Conclusion In conclusion, the observed prevalence incidence of preventable medical mistakes in the health care sector has always amounted great pressure that would ensure that health facilities just as mentioned above implement electronic medical records as a means of reducing the concerns antecedent to the subject diverse outcomes. It is therefore with regard to my team that I have compiled a change in the management of the health sector that will ensure improvement. References Carter, J. H., American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine. (2001). Electronic medical records: A guide for clinicians and administrators. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Gkoulalas-Divanis, A., Loukides, G. (2012). Anonymization of electronic medical records to support clinical analysis. New York: Springer. Iyer, P. W., Levin, B. J., Shea, M. A., Ashton, K. (2006). Medical legal aspects of medical records. Tucson, AZ: Lawyers Judges Pub. Co. Leese, A., Bellows, G., Cummings, W., Edwards, J., Gordon, J., Henry, G., McCall, R., ... Shiny Object Digital Video (Firm). (2005). EMR. United States: Cottonopolis Films. Scott, T. (2007). Implementing an electronic medical record system: Success, failures, lessons. Abingdon: Radcliffe. Skolnik, N. S. (2011). Electronic medical records: A practical guide for primary care. New York: Humana. United States. (2006). Can small healthcare groups feasibly adopt electronic medical records technology?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform and Oversight of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, Washington, DC, April 6, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Zaleski, J., Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. (2009). Integrating device data into the electronic medical record: A developer's guide to design and a practitioner's guide to application. Erlangen: Publicis Pub.