Research Paper on Barbering Essay Example

Examination Paper on Barbering Essay Barbering (from French la barbe [ba?b] = whiskers) is an art by hair stylist. In the Middle Ages and the early present day time frame it was in the zone of individual consideration, when recuperating individuals filled in as hair stylists, workers and washing and nursing individual. A hairdresser used to point basically the hair of men. He was capable additionally fot tooth extractions, phlebotomy, and bowel purges. To set up an examination paper on barbering you should realize that in certain nations, hair parlors are noticeable in the city under the stylist signs with qualities structures. The stylist as a rule introduces its clients on a hair stylist seat. The hair stylist does the shaving of men who don't have whiskers, yet additionally the upkeep of the facial hair, the mustache or sideburns for the individuals who wear them. He utilizes a razor (which might be mechanical, or, for the later periods, electric) and a grease, for instance, shaving froth. In the XIXth century, either thumb or a spoon could be utilized to offer to the client that was shaved: the last item embedded into the mouth of the client permitted to swell the cheek and hence encourage shaving. We will compose a custom article test on Research Paper on Barbering explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on Barbering explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom exposition test on Research Paper on Barbering explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer The hair stylists have apparently evolved from the medical attendant workers. The main notice of the hairdressers was found in 1397 out of an official letter in Cologne. Hair stylist societies are found in the Hanseatic urban areas from the second 50% of the fifteenth century: in 1457 in Gdansk, 1480 in Lubeck, 1486 in Hamburg. Stylists were additionally called dry scissors, since they offered not quite the same as the barbering, without warmbad. Since, in a hot shower male and female people were totally without attire, illnesses could in this way be transmitted effectively, which is the reason hair stylists not generally enjoyed the technique. Notwithstanding trimming and shaving hair they additionally rewarded wounds, broken bones, drew teeth, made phlebotomy or focused on salves. With the turn of events and professionalization of specialists in the mid nineteenth century, hair stylists looked to practice further. With the development of razorblades in the late nineteenth century, numerous men began to shave themselves at home, which has barbering administration rather a special case. In the Middle Ages to the Early Modern Period the calling of hair stylist was viewed as a despicable and in this manner an untrustworthy calling. In the urban bequests social orders of the Middle Ages kids from the Barber families were along these lines generally avoided from incorporation in different societies. It was not until the mid-sixteenth century they were given by majestic laws of 1548 and 1577, the chance to get familiar with an alternate specialty. Barbering may likewise be found in the French theater, a well known hairdresser Figaro, made by Beaumarchais in The Barber of Seville in 1775 and joined in The Marriage of Figaro and The Mother liable. These pieces have been adjusted a few shows, into movies and TV films. In England, the character of Sweeney Todd, criminal hair stylist who butchered his casualties, and it isn't sure that it depended on a genuine lawbreaker, showed up in the writing of the XIXth century and was a subject of numerous plays, musicals, films, and network shows. At EssayLib.com composing administration you can get an excellent custom exploration paper on Barbering themes. Your exploration paper will be composed without any preparation. We recruit first class Ph.D. what's more, Master’s authors just to give understudies proficient exploration paper help at reasonable rates. Every client will get a non-appropriated paper with convenient conveyance. Simply visit our site and take care of in the request structure with all paper subtleties: Appreciate proficient examination paper composing administration!

The House of the Spirits Essay Example

The House of the Spirits Essay Example The House of the Spirits Essay The House of the Spirits Essay Wrongness has consistently been criticized in the public arena, especially all through the nineteenth century. This is reflected in writing by characters who are depicted utilizing cliché highlights of wrongness like enthusiasm, force or energy. The partiality was that youngsters who are considered in desire and flightiness will bring about progressively exotic and red hot characters. I will base my investigation of ill-conceived kids in writing on the characters of Therese Raquin in Therese Raquin and Esteban Garcia in The House of the Spirits.To study the manner by which the two writers depict wrongness, Esteban Garcia who is Esteban Truebas ill-conceived grandson and Therese Raquin, who is likewise an ill-conceived youngster, will be thought about. Despite the fact that it very well may be contended that these two characters lived in totally various occasions and have characters that contrast extraordinarily, their wrongness and the bias that encompasses it unites them. In view of the generalization that accompanies kids who are brought into the world outside of marriage, writers now and then compose characters who are especially enthusiastic, flimsy genuinely or rash as illegitimate.Both Esteban and Therese have exceptionally extreme characters and they are especially indiscreet. In Estebans case, this is appeared through viciousness and physical just as mental torment. For Therese, her actual nature is appeared through her solid sexual wants and amazingly enthusiastic lovemaking. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban Garcia is appeared to have a sickening dreariness to him from an early age. He drives Esteban Trueba to Pedro Tercero and after his granddad has harmed Pedros hand, Esteban Garcia: had gotten the cut off fingers and was holding them like a bundle of ridiculous asparagusI regurgitated all over my boots while the kid grinned impassively.(p.240)The author shows us here how distorted the youngster is as a scene which makes the unemotional Esteban Trueba debilitated, just gets a grin out of Esteban Garcia. In Therese Raquin be that as it may, despite the fact that Therese had consistently been an excited youngster and immature, she concealed it from the individuals around her and went about as a fairly indifferent individual. It is once she meets Laurent and they become sweethearts that her actual character that had been lethargic inside her is uncovered: It was as if her face had been lit up from inside and fire jumped from her substance. Her bubbling blood and rigid nerves transmitted warmth, something sharp and infiltrating. (p.63)This shows that despite the fact that Therese endeavors to cover her actual self, it despite everything comes out in the end. This is a case of determinism, regardless of how much exertion she places into concealing her obscene character, it will in any case be uncovered as it is a piece of her. Following the preference, kids brought into the world outside of marriage werent considered to have full participation of society, likewise their economic wellbeing can't have been as significant as authentic children.As it was viewed as that ill-conceived youngsters were nearer to creatures than legitimate individuals, they were required to be increasingly inclined to mental ilnesses or being touchy. Maybe this was on the grounds that being viewed as an outcast welcomed on dissatisfaction and hate towards society. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban Garcia obviously shows loathe as he talks about Alba as She typified all that he could never have(p.328) :He, shoeless in the mud, swore that one day he would make her compensation for her haughtiness and retaliate for himself for his reviled jerk destiny. (p.469) Esteban Garcia kept to his guarantee and later on tormented and explicitly mishandled Alba for quite a long time. In Therese Raquin, this sort of lower status is likewise observed. The writer in some cases depicts Therese as he would a household creature. She seems like a sort of indifferent pet who comes up short on a spirit and character: She had consistently indicated such uninvolved submission that her auntie and spouse not, at this point tried to ask her sentiment. She went where they went, did what they did, without an expression of grievance or censure, without seeming to see that she was moving by any stretch of the imagination. (p.43)It is just as the Raquin family had embraced a wild monster and restrained it into a pet. Zola does in any case, uncover Thereses genuine imprudent nature by unexpected upheavals. He underlines these utilizing a ton of creature symbolism. This is again a case of determinism. At startling occasions, Therese wildly lets her instinctual side show: One day he (Camille) gave her a push and thumped her over : she jumped to her feet like a wild monster and with face ablaze and ragged looking eyes flew at him with the two arms raised. (p.41)Events like these fortify the depiction of Therese as a wild soul caught inside an aloof womans body. Equivalently, in The House of the Spirits, Esteban Garcia is now and again portrayed utilizing creature symbolism and seen by different characters to have mammoth like highlights. Especially Alba, who was delivered by the greater part of his brutality and torment. After Esteban compellingly kissed her on her fourteenth birthday celebration Alba is damaged and even has bad dreams: She told nobody of that horrendous kiss or of the fantasies that she had a short time later, in which Garcia showed up as a green brute that attempted to choke her with his paws and suffocate her by forcing a foul limb on her. (p.374)The way Alba sees Esteban Garcia just accentuates Allendes character as being especially savage, shocking and merciless. Therese and Estebans sexual disposition additionally uncovers their natural, practically subhuman selves. The two of them have a gigantic apetite for sex and end up being close to savage practically speaking. In The House of the Spirits, Esteban appears to be vicious when he fantasizes about Alba as she is perched on his lap:

Holding an Executive Board Position

Holding an Executive Board Position With over 1,800 registered student organizations at Illinois, youre bound to find a group that you enjoy being in. The opportunities are endlessâ€"you can try a new sport, build robots, or even just watch squirrels. Whatever you end up doing, theres a chance that youll find a group that youre passionate about. You might find yourself wanting to make significant contributions to your organization and to be more than a general member. If so, you should definitely consider running for a leadership position! At the end of my first semester at Illinois, I found myself in this exact position. I joined a social fraternity, and decided I wanted to contribute to the group. This past year, I served as one of our philanthropy chairmenâ€"my job was to set up fundraiser events and liaise with other Greek Life organizations to raise money for various charities. I definitely recommend joining the executive board of a group youre passionate aboutâ€"here are a couple reasons why. You gain valuable leadership skills. There are several leadership skills that are very valuable qualities to possessâ€"youll work better in groups and be more desirable to employers. Holding an executive board position is a great way to pick up hands-on experience with these skills. As a member of your RSOs executive board, you will be responsible for more than just yourself. Your actions dictate the success and well-being of your organization and the people in it. I personally found that responsibility for others was the hardest part of my jobâ€"youll be under a lot of pressure. However, I have become a more reliable person as a result. Youll also learn how to communicate with others well. When I set up a dinner to raise funds for a charity, I found that it was vital to talk to everyone to ensure that the event would run smoothly. Its nearly impossible to do everything by yourselfâ€"delegating tasks and communicating with others is the best way to get things done efficiently. You build and form connections. Part of my job as the philanthropy chair was to work with other organizations to send teams or people to their events. As a result, Ive met a lot of people and made a lot of connections. I organized for a team to go to a sororitys philanthropy event last semester. Image Credit: Nathaniel Song. However, keep in mind that the connections you will make will depend on the position you hold. I met mostly other philanthropy chairs and students, and this was fine with meâ€"I wasnt looking for much else. If you want to make connections that will help after college, a position like alumni relations will be more helpful. What you will contribute to your organization isnt the only thing you should consider when working on an executive boardâ€" think about what YOU will get out of it too! It teaches you how to manage your time well. Its helpful to have the mentality that an executive board position is like a 3-credit-hour class. Although fulfilling, being a good leader in your organization is a time-consuming role. Coursework is always my priority, so I force myself to do all my homework before I start on anything else I need to do. Having responsibilities outside the classroom gives me less time to procrastinate and adds structure to my daily schedules. Additionally, having a leadership position teaches you how to not bite off more than you can chew. All your responsibilities as a leader in your organization are time-consuming, but some might be too much to possibly handle. Theres a fine line between doing your best and being overambitiousâ€"being a leader will teach you where to draw it. Your first position prepares you for bigger roles. As a freshman, your chances of becoming president are very, very slim. There are students who are older than you and who have more experience than you. Becoming the philanthropy chair was not my first choiceâ€"I initially ran for the position of recruitment chair, but two older students were selected over me. However, this doesnt mean you shouldnt try at all. Although a minor position, being the philanthropy chairman taught me a lot of important lessons. I know how the executive board functions. I proved myself to be a reliable person. Your performance and dedication in your first year is vital, especially if you plan on running for a bigger role. Take whatever you can getâ€"some experience is better than no experience. I loved serving as the philanthropy chair of my fraternity. I got to contribute to an organization I care about, and picked up a lot of skills along the way. Holding an executive board position in an organization is challenging, but fulfillingâ€"if youve got the time, do it! Franklin Class of 2022 I grew up in Hong Kong, China, and I’ve come across the world to Illinois to major in Astronomy in the College of Liberal Arts and Sciences. I’ve always thought outer space is super cool, and I love that I’m learning everything that I can about it at Illinois.

Sociological Explanations For Gender Differences - 936 Words

Outline and Assess Sociological Explanations for Gender Differences in Crime Rates Current statistics show that men commit 80% of all crime and women commit only 20%. However there are arguments to suggest that the statistics highlight an under representation of female criminality, and there are many sociological arguments to suggest that female criminals are treated more leniently. On the other hand, some sociologists believe women are treated more harshly when they commit certain types of crime. This essay aims to assess the reasons for gender differences in reported crime rates. Official crime rates are measured by crimes reported and recorded by the police and criminal justice system, and are collected by the Home Office. Frances Heidensohn (1975) believes that male criminality is 5 times higher than female criminality, which current data supports. However, Otto Pollak (1961) was the first sociologist to argue that crime rates for female crime were inaccurate. He believed that women were treated more leniently by the police and criminal justice system, which highlighted the under representation of female criminality in the official statistics. He argued that women were more likely to commit crimes such as petty theft, prostitution and criminal abortions, which were then likely to be treated more leniently. Pollak’s theories have been widely criticised and may not be relevant today; indeed he failed to take into account the decriminalisation of abortion in many of theShow MoreRelatedSociological Explanations For Gender Difference1387 Words   |  6 PagesTITLE: outline and assess sociological explanations for gender difference in patterns of crime. What is the relationship between crime and masculinity? Crime can be described as an act that harmful to an individual as well as the society; such acts are against and punishable by the law. While deviance can be described as acting against social norms, for example a boy wearing a skirt would be out of place in the society The sex role theory states that, when young males and females are younger theyRead MoreOutline and Assess Sociological Explanations of Gender Difference in Patterns of Crime.2210 Words   |  9 Pagesas deviant. Official statistics have proven that 80% of all crimes are committed by males. However the study of criminology have tended to be dominated by males, therefore the studies are done by men about men. The official statistics suggest that gender is perhaps the most significant single factor in whether an individual is convicted of crime. The official statistics often comply with the common assumption that men commit more crimes then women. According to official statistics, in 2005, 1.8Read MoreUsing Material from Item a and Elsewhere, Assess Sociological Explanations of Gender Differences in Achievement and Subject Choice. (20 Marks)791 Words   |  4 Pagesachieving two or more A-levels or equivalent has increased from 20% in 1990 to 42% in 2006. Over the same time period, the percentage of males achieving the same level increased from 18% to 33%. On the other hand, there still continues to be a large difference in the choice of subjects by males and females. Even with the national curriculum being restrictive in the lower levels, meaning both male and females do the same subjects, when they get to a-levels and degree level, both male and females stillRead MoreEssay on Lisa Belkins The Opt-Out Revolution 1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe workforce post-childbirth. Belkin elaborates on the â€Å"stalled revolutionâ₠¬  that women and feminists alike are facing today, citing explanations varying from the essentialist belief of inherent biological differences between men and women to the role of socialization in the creation of gender roles. One of Belkin’s more interesting arguments involves the difference between women’s definition of success and men’s, and the impact it has on their respective definitions of work. In sum, Belkin’s primaryRead MoreCommon Sense Explanations And The Explanations Of C. Wright Mills Theory Of The Sociological Imagination1534 Words   |  7 PagesIn this essay I will be exploring the differences between common sense explanations and the explanations of C. Wright Mills theory of The Sociological Imagination. Common sense is based on people s personal experiences and their opinions, very often constructed from social norms and generalised views. Whereas, the Sociological Imagination thought up by sociologist C. Wright Mills (1959) is ba sed on the ideas of thinking critically and skeptically, in order to think sociologically. He wrote thatRead MoreGender Wage Gap And Gender Inequality1697 Words   |  7 Pagesmen, but this paper will argue in the U.S. today the gender wage gap still exists. The definition of gender wage gap as stated by the U.S. government is defined as women who work full time or salary based jobs who receive less earnings than their male counterparts who work equal level jobs (â€Å"Equal Pay,† n.d.).[] This analysis will focus on the years of 2012 to 2014, and in these years it is clear that the gender wage gap exists. The topic of gender wage gap sociologically important for many reasonsRead MoreSociological And Common Sense Understanding1341 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Sociology Throughout this essay, I will explain the distinction between sociological and common sense understanding, highlight the differences between sociology and other social sciences, and evaluate two sociological perspectives – Marxism and feminism. Sociology is the scientific study of human society. It examines the development of social structures, and the interaction between these structures and human behaviour. Sociologists aim to provide tools of understanding the processRead MorePraying Habits Through A Multicultural Church Gathering1371 Words   |  6 PagesPRAYING HABITS IN A MULTICULTURAL CHURCH GATHERING The purpose of this research and writing this paper is to understand the sociological behavior of different ages, genders and backgrounds in relations to the belief in Prayers and to analyze how sociological factor and values can influence the pattern and habit of praying. Prayer represents an individual’s attempt to communicate with the supernatural (Stark and Finke 2000), as well as oneself and others (Ladd and Sphilka 2002, 2006). As much asRead MoreThe Gender Trap : Parents And The Pitfalls Of Raising Boys And Girls Essay1240 Words   |  5 PagesName Course Tutor Date Book Review of â€Å"The Gender Trap: Parents and the Pitfalls of Raising Boys and Girls† by Kane Emily W. This is a book that explains why the gender trap is not the parent’s fault, but a social construction. One of the social institutions is the family. Through the family, Kane has explained the role of the parents in maintaining the social gender trap. Kane has analyzed her interviews with parents of preschool children to show the beliefs and motivations that construct theRead MoreObesity as a Social Issue Through the Advancement of Technology1026 Words   |  5 Pagesadvancement of technology, gender differences and the socio-economic status of individuals. First however, it is imperative to step away from the familiarity of our lives and look at obesity from a new point of view. (Giddens, 2013) To divulge deeper into the relationships between personal experience and the wider society, and recognize the influential ability of this interaction. It is this act of sociological thinking that C. Wright Mills (2010) called the sociological imagination. For this to

Rousseau´s Solution to ¨The Fundamental Problem¨ - 1178 Words

The problem is to find a form of association †¦ in which each, while uniting himself with all, may still obey himself alone, and remain as free as before.’ Does Rousseau have a convincing solution to the problem he poses? The opening line of Jean-Jacques Rousseaus influential work The Social Contract (1762), is man is born free, and he is everywhere in chains. Those who think themselves masters of others are indeed greater slaves than they. These are not physical chains, but psychological and means that all men are constraints of the laws they are subjected to, and that they are forced into a false liberty, irrespective of class. This goes against Rousseaus theory of general will which is at the heart of his philosophy. In†¦show more content†¦In Platos Crito, Socrates chose not to escape prison because he had chosen to reside in Athens, by doing so he accepted the terms on the implied contract. In Hobbes Leviathan, his social contract view concluded that all individuals, to avoid an anarchic state of nature should give up their individualistic rights to a ruler or rulers in return for safety under the laws imposed by the ruler. Locke in his second treatise on civil government differed sl ightly from Hobbes, by concluded that individuals in a state of nature would cohere and provide a neutral entity that would protect lives and property by introducing laws. David Hume was a critic of Hobbes and Lockes versions of the social contract. Firstly he points out that there had never been a situation called the state of nature and that no-one had consented to a social contract, mainly because the social contract was purely hypothetical. Almost all governments that exist at present...have been founded either on usurpation or conquest, or both, without any pretence of a fair consent or voluntary subjection of the people (Hume extract line 81-83). A friend of Rousseaus, Hume did agree that it did not matter how a government was formed, it can only rest if it has the legitimate foundation of the peoples it governs consent. This solution where a democratic government is in place, means that individuals can vote and have their individual concerns used to influence decisions madeShow MoreRelatedMontesquieu s Spirit Of Laws And Jean Jacques Rousseau s On The Social Contract1620 Words   |  7 PagesWhat entity dictates life on the most fundamental level? Is it the government or the people who permit the government to exist? This is the main point of contention between Baron de Montesquieu s Spirit of Laws and Jean-Jacques Rousseau s On the Social Contract. Interestingly, their interpretation of different forms of government converge on the sovereignty of a democracy, but that is where most of their common ground lies. While Rousseau shares similarities on the sovereign authority of a democracyRead MoreAutonomy Means Behaving And Thinking Independently Of Others1528 Words   |  7 Pageschildren and how much inference of adults should be involved in early childhood education. So, this essay will discuss t he sense of autonomy required for children to grow as explored in the work of two great educational philosophers, Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Maria Montessori. Furthermore, every child get different levels of autonomy depend on the family, customs, traditions, rules and regulations of the country where they live. I got birth in India and spend my childhood there. The essay will furtherRead MoreThe Inequality Of Class Stratification950 Words   |  4 Pages1. Are we really equal? â€Å"Man was born free, and he is everywhere in chains† (Rousseau, 1994, p.45.). This report will develop from the foundation of Rousseau, exploring the notion that all humans are understood as equal, yet disparities across society are widespread. I will assert that class stratification is manifested within the micro-level sociology of education. It will demonstrate that class inequalities are maintained and reproduced through the means of social, economic and cultural capitalRead MoreRousseaus Discourse On Inequality1770 Words   |  8 PagesAccording to Rousseau s â€Å"Discourse on Inequality†, there are four stages to the social evolution in humans; it s natural state, family, nation, and civil society. There are two types of inequalities, natural (or physical) and moral. Natural inequality stems from differences in age, health, or other physical characteristics. Moral inequality is established by convention or consent of men. One of the first and most important q uestions Rousseau asks is For how is it possible to know the source ofRead MoreEducation, Crisis And The Cultivation Of A Great Leader3160 Words   |  13 PagesEducation, Crisis and The Cultivation of a Great Leader Introduction Education, as a source of or solution to the crisis of problems in society, is the basis for the following discussion. Naturally, the philosophy of education has been a topic of complex analysis by the prominent philosophers throughout history in an attempt to address issue facing the societies of their era, and continues to be a controversial and challenging issue in the 21st century. One must question the reason for why educationRead MoreEssay about Marx (The Communist Manifesto) and Rousseau2068 Words   |  9 PagesThe political philosophy of Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Karl Marx examined the role that the state played and its relationship to its citizen’s participation and access to the political economy during different struggles and tumultuous times. Rousseau was a believer of the concept of social contract with limits established by the good will and community participation of citizens while government receives its powers given to it. Karl Marx believed that power wa s to be taken by the people through theRead MoreAn Analysis Of Tolstoy Tolstoy s The Sigh 2435 Words   |  10 Pagesart. This â€Å"nourishment† stems from the idea that one must have the feelings of the artist transmitted to them, and if they experience similar feelings as the artist then it is true art and the observer/viewer is nourished. This â€Å"hunger†, this fundamental human need, which good art satisfies is the need for man to be united. This lack of connection leaves humans hungry for real connection with those around them, connections that are not tainted with corruption, but art that makes all men feel unitedRead MoreThe French Revolution, the Industrial Revolution and the American Revolution1831 Words   |  8 Pagesalmost all societies. I believe that it is commonly used at universities to teach history. They only thing that I could be skeptic about is that its copyright 1992, which may seem out of date. But in consideration to the task, I see this as a minimal problem. The second book I received great information from was the classical National Encyclopedia. I feel that this is a reliable source to seek information from. I believe that this encyclopedia was also dated at 1992, but like I said before, I reckonRead MoreAccenture - Incentivise Employees and Reduce Labour Turnover7401 Words   |  30 Pagesmotivates people to work and satisfies them while at the same time contributing to organizational effectiveness† (Armstrong and Murlis, 2004: 5). Schuster and Zingheim (1992) went on to develop this concept of new pay, highlighting some of its fundamental principles. This included the idea of a total compensation program, which tied business strategy with reward strategy in order to reinforcing specific organisation behaviours. Pay was considered to be a lever that could help organisations to embraceRead MoreCategorical Imperative2266 Words   |  10 Pages10. He was a prolific reader, especially in history, science, travel, and philosophy. He knew English history and literature intimately, especially in the period of Queen Anne. He read little of Goethe or Schiller, but often re-read Voltaire and Rousseau. He had little interest in nature, and in 80 years never traveled more than 40 miles from his native Konigsburg. Categorical Imperative From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. The philosophical concept of a  categorical imperative  is central to

“The King of Torts” by John Grisham Free Essays

Clay Carter is a public defender doing boring, low-paid, through which every beginning lawyer is to go through. Carter has been there for too long, and this job does not bode anything to Carter†¦ up to the point, when he takes up the case of Tequila Watson, a 20-year-old youth who has committed a murder seemingly without any reasons†¦ Up to the point, when Carter realizes that beneath a hackneyed case there is a real case, which is difficult and dangerous, boding a huge amount of money. This case can become the start of a dazzling legal career – if Carter takes the risk and stakes his all†¦ This is the entanglement of the legal suspense thriller â€Å"The King of Torts† (2003) by John Grisham. We will write a custom essay sample on â€Å"The King of Torts† by John Grisham or any similar topic only for you Order Now The novel has a fast-pace and dynamic plot, which takes Carter from the mundane post of public defendant to the pecuniary cream of the society. John Grisham, a former lawyer and now a successful novelist, is known for his penetrating insights into the American legal system, made in his numerous earlier novels like â€Å"A Time to Kill†(1989) and â€Å"Runaway Jury† (1996). This time Grisham takes on the â€Å"torts†, lawyers who lead suits against large corporations in the name of many people, who suffered from the actions or products of this company; the attorney receives a considerable percent from all payouts of all plaintiffs and his payout can be measured in billions. As Clay Carter engages into the case of Tequila Watson, he discovers an enormous conspiracy, where the big pharmaceutical company is involved. Tempted by the mysterious stranger Max, he plunges into tort business and is soon dubbed â€Å"king of torts† for his success. He starts leading a luxurious life, living in a luxurious house and driving a black Porsche; however, everything has its price. The price of success for Carter is his moral and professional principles, which he eagerly sells in exchange for fame and fortune. In this novel, Grisham makes a grim commentary on the American legal system, which has turned into a machine for earning money for attorneys. Apart from the exciting plot, the most gripping suspense lies in the attitude of the reader to the protagonist. Carter is evidently degrading, but will the reader find â€Å"extenuating circumstances† to justify him or at least to understand his downfall? This is a question, which you can answer only after turning the last page of this gripping thriller. References Grisham, J. (2003). The King of Torts. New York: Doubleday. How to cite â€Å"The King of Torts† by John Grisham, Essay examples

Electronic Medical Records

Question: Discuss about theElectronic Medical Records. Answer: Introduction: Health care management is a critical area that should be thoroughly assessed and properly managed to ensure that it runs smoothly and efficiently. A number of statistics that have been conducted across the globe has shown a trend in adaptations of various health care changes that will ensure that sustainable and positive changes are achieved. Due to global deterioration in view of the subject, majorly within the health care facilities, I decided to participate in health care related change that was going to ensure efficiency in terms of the management of the sector in question (Carter, American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine, 2001). Electronic Medical Records as the Adopted Change The main change that my team and I participated in ensuring that we achieve our aim was to introduce the Electronic Medical Records (EMR) which has the records of standard clinical and medical data (Gkoulalas, Loukides, 2012). These are actually the information that is kept by the hospital management with regards to their daily services. The records were going to ensure easier retrieval of detailed medical history of a patient should there be a need since records are electronically managed. Other than the above change, my team also recommended for a standby support to the Electronic Medical Records known as Electronic Health Records that would ensure that the health records of a patient can be mobile. This we saw as an idea that was going to assist patients carry their medical records to other health care specialists, nursing homes and even across the state, but it was only to apply if there was need (Iyer, Levin, Shea, Ashton, 2006). What Triggered the Change to EMR My teams basic focus was on the Electronic Medical Records. I had to see this change happen through a number of ways but most vital one was through the medical history of the patients. How they are taken down, processed, stored and finally; how they are kept. The subject change was triggered by a number of key issues or even steps. One of the most important key areas that triggered the change was on the benefits of the EMRs that gave hope for a better future in terms of the management of the health facilities (Leese, et al 2005). The advantages that we looked at as a team were mainly on the ability of Electronic Medical Records to track huge range of data within the shortest range of time. Apart from that, EMR was also seen by the team as being able to improve the overall output quality in terms of care in practice. It was also able to offer monitorial duties mainly on how patients sum up to certain medical parameters such as blood pressure readings and finally vaccination. The other area that my team assessed which I saw as a credit on the teams side was that, the data that is mainly kept by the subject device cannot be shared easily with the providers who are outside of a practice. These were the main reasons that triggered our interest in the device in question as a way of ensuring that change is achieved or realized within the health care facilities in terms of health care management (Scott 2007). I directed my team to the best of my knowledge to ensure that the change we were bringing on board was achievable, and reminded them of my week one lecture where one professor Sir Ian Kennedy, once said that during his research period, he gathered evidence that showed commitment and enthusiasm in health care services. The Planning Developed In order for affectivity in my teams program, we had to develop an elaborate plan that was going to ensure that EMR was going to be a success in the managerial role within the health care facilities. The first plan that was put into consideration was how; we were going to get the sources of financial options to health care facilities across the globe. The other plan was on the relevant personnel who were going to operate the subject electronic device for the purpose of efficiency. Finally, we were concerned on the integration methodology since we still needed a way on how the prior records kept by health facilities can be transferred to EMR. My team had to divide itself into two sub teams, where every sub team was to explore the planning criteria adequately and finally making up the initial team and drawing conclusion (Skolnik, 2011). Our plan explored an elaborate system, where financial backup was consensually agreed to be sought from both World Bank and World Health Organization. We also explored how the personnel who were going to operate the machines would be hired and we settled on recruiting qualified personnel with medical background in terms of the knowledge. Our final step looked at the integration procedures, which was uniformly agreed by team members to involve every stakeholder who were previously dealing with the records and the ones who were going to operate the EMRs for smooth transition (United States, 2006). Key Factors that Drove the Change Remember, this was an initiative that was driven by a number of key factors of which majority of the factors has been widely covered. The main ones have been discussed to be; The need for an improvement in terms of keeping and storing of patients medical history and there easy retrieval when needed. This was also going to positively impact the policies of implementation because most of the data are electronically processed. The other key factor is on the need of ensuring efficiency within the subject management. I also had to capture my teams attention in reference to my week two class notes that explored some of the difficulties that people normally encounter when it comes to making changes to the health care system. This was another vital factor that was also in line with strengthening the policies that would also be adopted at the implementation procedure or even in the future. This is due to the fact that policies are meant for ensuring efficiency, which the factor was based on. We therefore had to do our best not disregarding the notes content in view of the subject week but staying on the safer side and avoiding any barrier that may arise. Implementation of the Change Our final and major concern was now based on the implementation of the change that we have been working on. We were aware that previously, scholars have tried implementing the above change through the use of a diffusion theory of one personality by the name Kotter. The full name of the theory was, Kotters Change Management Theory and Innovation Diffusion Theory. On my side, I recommended to my team to pick on one of the models that I have in my class notes because they are the once that I was convinced would not face any barrier in the implementation level. Other than that, my team also used the Kurt Lewin Management theory for the purpose of implementation. The main reason for the use of this theory is because it can easily lead to better understanding for the change in context and its ease to also overcome resistance from outside forces. Model for Implementation The model that we therefore picked on from the class notes in week three was that model known as Bullock and Battens model. This model has been in existence since 1985 and it is divided into three phases. The first phase being exploration, the second one being planning, the third action and finally integration is the last one. This model first calls for the exploration of the current status quo of the existing health facilities and assessing their management. It then plans on how they can be improved by developing a number of key concerns as far as planning is concerned. An action is then taken once planning has been exhausted, it is at this level where implementation also takes place and finally integration is realized. This is the main final stage that once reached. The change is viewed or rather termed as a success. My teams recommendation especially at the implementation stage features EMRs as one of the best or highly efficient in terms or records management and also a booster to the health management (Zaleski, Siemens, 2009). Conclusion In conclusion, the observed prevalence incidence of preventable medical mistakes in the health care sector has always amounted great pressure that would ensure that health facilities just as mentioned above implement electronic medical records as a means of reducing the concerns antecedent to the subject diverse outcomes. It is therefore with regard to my team that I have compiled a change in the management of the health sector that will ensure improvement. References Carter, J. H., American College of Physicians--American Society of Internal Medicine. (2001). Electronic medical records: A guide for clinicians and administrators. Philadelphia: American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine. Gkoulalas-Divanis, A., Loukides, G. (2012). Anonymization of electronic medical records to support clinical analysis. New York: Springer. Iyer, P. W., Levin, B. J., Shea, M. A., Ashton, K. (2006). Medical legal aspects of medical records. Tucson, AZ: Lawyers Judges Pub. Co. Leese, A., Bellows, G., Cummings, W., Edwards, J., Gordon, J., Henry, G., McCall, R., ... Shiny Object Digital Video (Firm). (2005). EMR. United States: Cottonopolis Films. Scott, T. (2007). Implementing an electronic medical record system: Success, failures, lessons. Abingdon: Radcliffe. Skolnik, N. S. (2011). Electronic medical records: A practical guide for primary care. New York: Humana. United States. (2006). Can small healthcare groups feasibly adopt electronic medical records technology?: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Regulatory Reform and Oversight of the Committee on Small Business, House of Representatives, One Hundred Ninth Congress, second session, Washington, DC, April 6, 2006. Washington: U.S. G.P.O. Zaleski, J., Siemens Aktiengesellschaft. (2009). Integrating device data into the electronic medical record: A developer's guide to design and a practitioner's guide to application. Erlangen: Publicis Pub.

Homogenizing The Homosexual Essays - Same-sex Sexuality,

Homogenizing The Homosexual On a hot June night in 1969 the sexual discourses of theology, law and psychology encountered resistance so strong that millions of lives were changed. In a small gay bar in New York, the regulars, an eclectic mix of drag queens, transexuals, effeminate men and butch women, offered up the most visible resistance ever witnessed to the relentless exercising of public power on their private lives. The three-day street riot, began by Stonewall patrons, spilled onto the front pages and television screens of a nation. The exposure placed the queen, queer and dyke in the living rooms, kitchens and supermarkets of straight America. The resistance of gays to the external and internal subjectification of themselves as sinners, sodomites and psychopaths began. Before this seminal event, gays were known, but their lives operated in the back streets and alleyways of urban life. They were invisible to mainstream North Americans and expected to stay in the shadows where their deviant bodies belonged. The patrons of the Stonewall bar lived at the precipice of gay life. Their adoption of cross dressing was an affront to prevailing sexual norms. Women in suits and men in scarves and chiffon were the most identifiable of deviants and they relished their disobedience. Strutting through urban nights they gleefully thumbed their noses at the heterosexual world. They embraced every stereotype and took the constitution of the gay subject to extremes. The visibility of these men and women made them easy targets for random displays of force by police. Haphazard attacks on gay bars and clubs instilled fear of the unknown. The visible cared little about the repercussions of these raids for they had nothing to lose. For this they were shunned by their gay brethren who viewed them as circus sideshow freaks. These queens, queers and dykes were dangerous. Their openness put ?average' gays at risk. The physical and verbal abuse by police, abandonment by families and lack of social opportunity experience by the most identifiable queers kept most of North America's gays firmly underground. Under the guises of religion, law and science, power was being exercised to keep gays marginalized and hidden. Most happily acquiesced. With the fear of verbal, physical or social reprisals looming large, they became prisoners of their own making in Michel Foucault's vision of panoptic power. Invisible gays continually surveyed themselves for any outward signs of their sin that would lead to public detection. With only the images and words of repressive discourses to constitute themselves, the invisible queers, internalized disgust and spent their lives under constant self-surveillance. These stifling conditions ignited the need for the relation of power between straights and gays to shift focus. Near domination and the excessive uses of force were producing an entropic situation in need of diversion to a more productive state. Stonewall provided the necessary response. Three nights of fighting, shouting and revelry that confounded police commanded the immediate attention of heterosexuals everywhere. More importantly it garnered the ?freaks' the respect and admiration of the millions of silent women and men across North America. For gays, a movement was being born and a new, more productive power structure was emerging. In the aftermath of Stonewall, many gays felt empowered to go public and change the repressive statutes that governed their lives. Collectively, the truth that they were not deviants to be beaten, souls to be saved or in need of psychiatry materialized. Nothing was wrong with their psychological or spiritual states. Claims of normalcy were becoming self evident through the eyes of the new scientific discourse of biology. No blame was to be laid nor pity bestowed, nature had made them. The prescience of this biological discourse laid the fertile ground for the exercising of Foucault's bio power upon the gay subject. The reduction of fear and militancy generated by the rioters helped to usher in the ascent of bio power. By giving gays the courage, legitimacy and collective will to move out of the shadows, Stonewall's riots gave bio power access to the private lives of gays. If their sexual nature was blameless then remaining cloaked kept them from participating as productive social beings. Out in the open bio power could classify, subjectify, survey and normalize the modern gay. To produce

Language and Logical Positivism Essay Example

Language and Logical Positivism Essay Example Language and Logical Positivism Essay Language and Logical Positivism Essay If asked â€Å"What is language? † one would try to define it in his or her own words or possibly look the word up in the dictionary. Language, by definition, is â€Å"the words, their pronunciation, and the methods of combining them used and understood by a community† (Merriam-Webster). Though the association between this word and its simple definition is what would be widely accepted by our society, philosophers or more specifically logical positivists would argue against the simplicity of language. According to the man who pioneered the logical positivist movement, Ludwig Wittgenstein, â€Å"Language is a part of our organism and no less complicated than it† (Wittgenstein). But first, we must have an understanding of what logical positivism is and what this school of philosophy believes. Logical positivists’ view is solely based on something called verification and meaning. To understand what verification and meaning is, there are two other very vital elements in understanding logical positivism: tautologies and empirical statements. Tautologies are statements that are known to be true through logical analysis or the meaning of words. For instance, mathematics would be a tautology because it is a logical truth, as well as an existing statement that would say that water is H2O. On the other hand, an empirical statement is almost the exact opposite. Empirical statements are statements known to be true through observation only. An example of an empirical statement would be to say that a man is wearing a black coat. Surely, a person can observe the statement that that same man is indeed wearing a black coat if he or she actually saw the man. But even if our eyes tell us that it is a black coat, how do we really know if the coat is a black coat or not? Since there is no real way, scientifically nor mathematically, in proving that his coat is actually black, we must assume that the statement is an empirical statement. Now that tautologies and empirical statements are understood, what is the connection to verification and meaning? â€Å"Verificationism  is the idea that a statement or question only has meaning if there is some way to determine if the statement is true, or what the answer to the question is† (Wikipedia). According to logical positivists, a statement must be verifiable to have true meaning. If it cannot be verified, then therefore it must be meaningless. The two types of statements we learned before, tautologies and empirical statements, are forms of how we can determine verification. Now, how can we connect language and meaning to what we have learned about the basics of logical positivism? Since stating earlier that language is much more complicated than it seems, it is starting to prove obvious from how much information has just been said that it is indeed a very complex thing. Language is what gives us meaning; it gives us an understanding and sense of our own reality. Words have no power to impress the mind without the exquisite horror of their reality† (Edgar Allan Poe). A word would be meaningless if our sense of reality of the word was nonexistent. In every language, there is a list of words that create a vocabulary and the grammatical arrangement of those words into a sentence is the syntax. In what is socially understood and accepted by any society, each and every word has its own definition and that definition is true. Though each definition is true, the combinations of the word into the sentence may not be. If the syntax is incorrect, it will be nonsensical. From what was learned above about tautologies and empirical statements, one can determine whether a sentence is true or false by the rules of logical positivists. Logical positivists, like Rudolf Carnap, believe that it is possible for a sentence to have meaning but that same sentence can also prove to be either true or false. Only a meaningful statement will be able to be proven true or false. If a statement is meaningless, the arrangement and sequence of the words create a statement that will not make sense. There are some cases where the sequence of words can look like a sentence that has meaning at first glance, but it does not prove to be logical. Carnap and other positivists would call these types of statements a pseudo-statement. â€Å"Since the meaning of a word is determined by its criterion of application†¦, the stipulation of the criterion takes away ones freedom to decide what one wishes to mean by the word†¦The meaning is implicitly contained in the criterion; all that remains to be done is to make the meaning explicit† (Carnap). One can have an idea of a certain word through mental images or feelings, but he or she cannot acquire any meaning to the word from just a mental image or feeling. Furthermore, to understand the full meaning of a word, one must determine the word’s criterion of application â€Å"by the relations of deducibility entered into by its elementary sentence-form, by its truth-conditions, by the method of its verification†. This all, in opposition to metaphysicians, is only describing the significance of a word. Put it all together and imagine the significance of a sentence, still in terms of logical positivism. As said before, a sentence can only have meaning if its words are coherently organized in syntax. But positivists seem to argue somewhat against this. In each language, there is a possibility that a sentence can be arranged using perfect grammar and syntax, but not always will it make sense. For example, a person can say â€Å"Bob is make† and have it be perfectly, grammatically correct in syntax. But is it logical? Obviously not, because it does not make any sense. Since natural languages are able to form grammatically correct but illogical sentences, logical positivists believe that grammatical syntax is insufficient. It is suggested that to understand and make sense of a sentence, instead of focusing on the meaning of each individual word, to focus on the syntactical type of each word. Since we now know and understand the logical positivists view on the significance of words and how they are formed to understand the significance of a sentence, we know that the formation and use of words and sentences are what creates a language. But how does language explain our perceptions of reality? â€Å"The limits of my language are the limits of my reality† (Wittgenstein). Everyone’s perception of reality may be different, but how each is perceived, well, that is solely based upon language. It is true that we all have our own perception of reality, and it would be impossible to even experience reality without the understanding of our own language. Our language is what tells us who, what, where, when, why and how. We would not have a sense of self identity if we did not have a language to describe ourselves, for example, a first name or ethnicity. Anything we do would not have any meaning if it weren’t for language. Life would just simply be chaos to us; since, without it, we wouldn’t even know what we are doing. Without language, we wouldn’t even know where we are or how to even describe our locations. We’d be lost in space. Time, therefore, would not even exist without language; time is a key element in our sense of reality. If there is no language, then there is no time; therefore there is no reality, so would we even exist? Without a language to explain why, we would be lacking knowledge. Without knowledge, we would be useless, meaningless beings. Lastly, a natural language can always explain how. A language explains how things work, or how things exist, etc. If we do not have the knowledge of knowing all the how’s, we would probably question our own existence, which again would distort our perception of reality. So, â€Å"the limit can †¦ only be drawn in language and what lies on the other side of the limit will be simply nonsense† (Wittgenstein). â€Å"Philosophy is language idling† (Wittgenstein).

Scattering or Sowing of Seeds Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Scattering or Sowing of Seeds - Essay Example Digging into the definition of "collective memory" it is evident that past experiences of an individual in a society influences the experiences of others in the same society and elsewhere. Collective memory is defined as the shared memory that can be passed on and also constructed by the group or modern society. (Esquith, 1996, P. 78) The definition further predisposes that it s the memory that a community possesses of its own history, lessons and learning it consciously. The tendency of bringing the entire institutional fabric which is created during such periods (when such memory occurs) impacts neglectively on the role of collective memory. It does not play a crucial role in the processes of political change. It leaves a mark on the daily political practices once the new regime becomes established. Collective memory leaves traces of the past memory in the political learning systems but to some extend this is unavoidable. (Fabre, 1994, P.29) Most of the studies under this topic focus on the effects of trauma that is produced by the memory of those bad times, war for example. Most of the scholars indicate that the war left an indelible mark on the nation. This could or can affect and undermine the peaceful nature of the society at critical moments. Collective memory instills lessons in the individuals' life and when it comes to political learning, chances are that political change may be effective. Political learning is the process through which people modify their political beliefs and tactics as a result of severe crisis, frustrations and dramatic changes in the environment. (Fabre, 1994, P. 33) This phenomenon is based on the fact that beliefs are not fixed immutably in childhood and that they are affected by political events. Political learning represents a process of cognitive change which is key to democratic reconstruction. In the African American culture has a history of struggle. African American struggled to succeed and be free, equal and affirmed. These experiences have impacted positively in some aspects. Most of them have positive sense of racial identity and spiritual strength because during the slavery period, the spirit was vital for survival. It was in the open that colour was a major determinant of who would be a slave and who would be free. (Walton, 1997, P. 132) The spiritual strength of the African - American was also derived from the physical and psychological struggles of slavery. They value self-love and love for others as methods through which people can enhance their personal lives. Through enhancing the lives of people, political change would be evident. Despite the experiences that they had gone through, they still had a great sense of accommodating change. (Walton, 1997, P. 34) Collective memory comes about through collective attitudes and behaviors. These are created and shared through common experiences and communication among a group of people. In the case of the African American, the slavery attitudes and experiences were eminent. The use of collective memory as a political socialization agent was a good target to the bringing of new knowledge to the people through political learning. It had a role of changing perceptions and attitudes of a group of people who had been exposed to hard kind of life. This tool captures the interests of researchers and scholars in social, psychological memory, sociology and anthropology. Research has it that individuals who were born between 1940 and 1960 are

After Visiting Local Museum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

After Visiting Local Museum - Essay Example Visiting the museum, I had two agendas, one was an academic agenda, while the other was having a good time in the place and getting to know more about different things about the Native Americans. What caught my attention most was the atmosphere of the museum. The outside of the museum was serene and extremely quiet. The compound was dotted with different types of trees and shrubs that gave the compound an anaesthetic look and feeling. Its paved walkways gave the museum a decent feeling and look, which was captivating to the visitors. There were different species of flowers planted in close intervals, with the well-trimmed glass surrounding its compound. The first instance, the place looked less of a museum, with the neat compound with the extra efforts extended towards making it a beautiful place to captivate the attention of the people and the visitors. The outside walls of the one storey building housing the museum were red, with large windows that let in adequate light into the interior of the museum. The architectural design of the museum was very similar to that of a learning institution. Its interior walls were coloured bright, making it brightly lit from the inside. The arrangement of the collection was appealing. The arrangement of the collection pieces were in accordance to their respective categories. The professionalism used in the arrangement and the labelling of the artefacts as well as cultural pieces was amazing. Not a single piece appeared mistakenly placed, as their descriptions matched with the categories placed in.

What Makes People Believe In Astrology?

What Makes People Believe In Astrology? This research paper is based on how horoscope is affecting people and what are the reasons that people believe on it. What is the behind force that made people to go for horoscope (motives). Research will be based on survey and will conclude it on statistical results. Horoscope is the guesses of daily activities in our every day life and a Birth map is a depiction of the wheel of our planets, houses and positions in that and the explanations of our plan wheel point out the potentials and weak points in our physical and emotional composition which gives us imminent on how to narrate and obtain along with others in order to create our life a better-off and valuable voyage and a scheme to observe if a match between us and another will present us a greater possibility at pleasure based on the mixture of our charts. A Birth Chart and Interpretation or either a Horoscope and compatibility statement cannot be precise for everyone born under a exact Zodiac sign unless the Astrologer has correct information about the moment of birth, date of birth and place of birth. Place of residence is important in the directing of daily Horoscopes. At times the moment is not known and an Astrologer will use 10:05 P.M. which, while not as correct as it should be, will p ut you as close to the target as possible. Without exact information everything we read about our sign anywhere will be generalized information. Astrology is not only influenced by transmissible factors and the surroundings, but also by the position of our solar system at the time of birth. The planets are regarded as central life-forces, the tools we live by as well as the basis of our very gist. These forces take on different forms, depending on their zodiacal arrangement and on the manner they relate to one another. The aspects formed between the planets depict their relationships, the placement of the planets in relation to the place of birth tells us about their appearance in the specialty of life represented by the astrological houses. BACKGROUND AND HISTORY Babylonian Empires In Babylonian Empires era people were trying to associate happenings like famine and war with other incidents they monitored in the skies. At one point it was considered by historian and archaeologists that all astrological arrangements invented in Babylon, but that conjecture was rejected because of the separate astrology which exists between the Mayans and Aztecs. Babylonian ministers were frequently called upon to use their associations with the gods to calculate the future, and their two rule ways of doing this were examine the liver of animal and analyzing signs in the sky. The aged known astrological manuscripts are written in the first half of the Hammurabi Dynasty, around in the middle of 18th century BCE. Attempts at analyzing the sky ultimately widen into astrology that we have today. Between 612 and 539 BCE, the sky was separated to twelve fractions, comprising the twelve symbols of the zodiac. Once numerical astronomy expanded under the Persians (539-331 BCE), it became feasible to determine some of the movement of diverse planets and the moon, permitting for the improvement of horoscopes related to what we observe today. The oldest known horoscope is a natural horoscope not different the type formed by astrologers in this century. There is not actually missing of the unique tablet, and all we can read of the forecast itself is fundamentally, things will be good for you. Even then, astrologers had started perfectly the art of non-false able statements. I am focusing on Horoscope in astrology that is why its important to give brief introduction about horoscope Houses of Horoscope These twelve houses of horoscope tell us about the different regions of our lives. The foundation of every house is called the cusp. Each house has natural symbol and natural ruling sign. Here is the chart of signs beginning with Aries and ending up at Pisces. Here are listed the twelve houses with the ruler ships, classification and a brief summary of the area of life depicted there: House: 1st Classification: Angular Natural sign: Aries Planet Ruler: Mars House Affairs: The Ascendant. Your projected behavior, temperament, health, how you react to those around you, and your appearance. House: 2nd Classification: Succedent Natural sign: Taurus Planet Ruler: Venus House Affairs: Your material side. Security, gains, losses, financial condition and your concern about these matters. House: 3rd Classification: Cadent Natural sign: Gemini Planet Ruler: Mercury House Affairs: Your mental aptitudes, early childhood, everyday communication, your siblings, and early education. House: 4th Classification: Angular Natural sign: Cancer Planet Ruler: Moon House Affairs: Domestic affairs and conditions, the nurturing parent, the home, and the family life. The end of life. House: 5th Classification: Succedent Natural sign: Leo Planet Ruler: Sun House Affairs: Love affairs, procreation, your children, creative expression, luck and speculation. House: 6th Classification: Cadent Natural sign: Virgo Planet Ruler: Mercury House Affairs: The work environment, the employer and employees, the routine, health issues, hygiene. House: 7th Classification: Angular Natural sign: Libra Planet Ruler: Venus House Affairs: Marriage partner, business partners, contracts, joint endeavors. House: 8th Classification: Succedent Natural sign: Scorpio Planet Ruler: Pluto House Affairs: Attitude toward life/death, possessions of others, wills and legacies; sex and regeneration. House: 9th Classification: Cadent Natural sign: Sagittarius Planet Ruler: Jupiter House Affairs: Religion, philosophy, publishing, higher learning, distant travel, foreign countries. House: 10th Classification: Angular Natural sign: Capricorn Planet Ruler: Saturn House Affairs: Reputation, social status, fame or the lack of it, worldly standing, the other parent. House: 11th Classification: Succedent Natural sign: Aquarius Planet Ruler: Uranus House Affairs: Friends, clubs, organizations, associations, goals, hopes, and wishes House: 12th Classification: Cadent Natural sign: Pisces Planet Ruler:Neptune House Affairs: The subconscious mind, hidden resources, hidden problems, social responsibility. Mentioned introduction, history and background of the astrology and horoscope because I think for any research you should have acknowledged about your topic. Horoscope is becoming popular. People read it may be just for fun or they have strong belief in it. Media is promoting horoscope through magazines, radio, television, and internet. So people have easy access to it. In newspapers and magazines there is a separate column for it. In television we can see people having laptops in their hands and they take live calls and ask for ones time and place of birth so they can tell them what their predicted future is, in radio we can hear our daily horoscope. Apart from newspaper, TV, radio we have an access of internet and on that we can subscribe our email address to specific website or astrologer and they can email us our daily horoscope. Basically this research paper is focusing on horoscope and why do people believe in that. PROBLEM STATEMENT What are the factors that are leading people to believe in astrology and what gender is more prone to believe in it? OBJECTIVES SOCIAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL MOTIVES Hectic and tough routines of life have made people to believe in horoscopes. They find it easy to know about their future beforehand. So they spend their day according to that. Women used it for households and men in business matters. People are keen to know about their love life, career, luck etc. These things have been affecting our generations because we have started believing and relying on it so much and feel satisfied. High competition among people forced them to believe in superstitious possessions. Every body wishes for best and want to fulfil their needs. But the frenetic life of people made them to go for horoscope so they have better understanding of their forecast. DIFFERENCE IN INCLINATION TOWARDS HOROSCOPE AMONGST MALES AND FEMALES According to research females are more inclined towards horoscope. The reason may be they have enough time to think on these issues and they are more curious than men. Men leave their homes early morning and come back late. They spent most of their time outside and have busy schedule. When they back home their preference would be their family. But it doesnt mean that women are free all the time. Its just a natural phenomenon that women are more inquisitive about their family and enthusiastic to know what will come next in their lives. Females are more superstitious which makes them eager to compare their current lives with the horoscope that comes in newspaper, television, radio and magazines. Men, by nature are far more realistic. They believe in facts more rather than going for horoscopes. SIGNIFICANCE The purpose of this study is to evaluate why people read, view or listen about their horoscope, and what are the main motives that lead them to read horoscopes. MOTIVES Love life The interesting fact is that people read their horoscope because they are keen to know about their love life and if they are in relationship how long it will go. The attuned factor is also involved. They wanted to know that the temperament of both is similar with each other or not. And what personality features are different. Luck People are eager to know what color, number, or stone is lucky for them e.g. when they come to know about these specific things they try to wear that color or stone on special occasions of their lives and try to keep special things on dates that stand for their lucky number. Guidance People read horoscope and consider it as a guide. Many people are addicted to it and cant spend their day without reading it. They feel satisfied when they have an idea about their future and try to act accordingly whats written in their part. Entertainment Some or many people read astrology just for fun and take it as an entertainment. Its just because they dont believe in it and read it to pass time or may be to reduce their curiosity. And most of them read it because they believe every body else is reading. Relaxation People go for horoscope because they want to lighten up their selves. Life is like a test and they want to pass the test by knowing the future ahead. It gives them an opportunity to plan their daily lives according to the predictions provided in horoscopes so they can achieve the maximum success. Escape Horoscope is another way of escaping from reality. People are infuriated of their chaotic routine and want tension free time so they go for horoscope. Control People want control over their lives; have desire for reducing their worries so they read, view or listen about their horoscope. By horoscopes people believe that their future has been forecasted, this gives them an opportunity to make their decisions according to it. It gives them the satisfaction that they will never fail as they have taken all the precautionary measures. This way they actually try to control their lives and make everything impossible, possible. Affection Some people are not interested in knowing about their own horoscope. They are curious about whats going on in their beloveds life and how will be their future and will they be the part of their lives or not. Or the other thing is that they wanted to know what kind of personality they have, and what zodiac would be the best companion for them. Pass time Some people go for horoscope just because they have to pass time. They dont have anything else to do. So they pick up a piece of paper and start reading it or use other sources for example. Radio, internet, TV etc and sooner or later it will become their routine. Satisfaction Satisfaction is again one important motive. Who are habitual of reading it feel satisfied otherwise they have a feel that they have missed something important or incomplete. For the believers, it is important that you find two astrologers for yourself and observe who is telling you the right picture. And what other has missed. The one you find better stick with him/her. A good astrologer is like a good mechanic. An expert mechanic fix out the problem for so long whereas, a bad one may take more money but his work would not be reliable. Same is the case with good and bad astrologer, a fine astrologer see all aspects and tell you nearly accurate and qualitative portrayal about you, while a bad one does not focus on every aspect and gives his prediction over all. LITERATURE REVIEW This research paper is based on uses and gratifications of horoscope and what gender is more likely to believe in it. It is so clear in the paper that people feel satisfied when they read horoscope. Robert Lomas study showed that women are more into horoscope, it was highlighted that one of his friend believed in astrology although she was a working and educated woman, whenever she had to start some work shell go through her horoscope. The lady had knowledge about other zodiac signs and she could relate personalities with their signs. A survey in Britain showed that 70% women read their horoscopes regularly whether its for fun, love, luck etc. Many of them know their zodiac signs and 85% agreed that the sign depicts their personality. Another survey done by Jeanette Winterton in USA showed that 98% of the population knows their signs and 66% go through their horoscope weekly. The survey showed that many people are interested in their horoscopes. Kendrick Frazier research again demons trated that women are the strong believers than men and same is the case with new generation that youth is more into it than their elders. Durand and Martin study showed that group who scored well in scientific knowledge has less belief. But Dr. Thomas gray studied was the same and according to that university education hadnt done much in minimizing the believes. Professor Hans from London University found that every third one in Western countries is into astrology, though its for fun but they do it. Marcia Montenegros point of view is that you do not read horoscope because if you are reading it just for fun you would be habitual to it and more curious and fascinated about your future. All of us have different thinking and we cant change each others mind. The studies show that people are into astrology because they have almost same reasons. Fun part is one of the dominating reasons in every study. And other reasons are one and the same for example: love, money, curiosity, guidance etc. In every case women were seen more interested in horoscope. It was found in one of the study that during pregnancy astrology works as a stress management for women. RESEARCH QUESTIONS R Q 1) Are there any differences in men and women in frequencies of believing on horoscope? R Q2) Are there any differences in men and women in psychological and social motives in reading/viewing horoscope? For collecting data, the interpersonal motives were considered important that are: love, luck. Entertainment, escape, affection, pass time, relaxation etc to know why horoscope is being viewed and which gender is more corresponding to it. METHODOLOGY This research paper is conducted through survey and quantitative in nature. Questionnaire was based on close-ended questions. The purpose of research was to know which gender is more concerned in horoscope. Questionnaire was distributed to male and female and the idea of this was to know who more into horoscope is and what the factors behind it are. It was given in the age of 20-50 educated and less educated people but the ratio among male and female were same. Variables of the research were interpersonal motives that are discussed before love, fun, relaxation, affection etc. SURVEY ANALYSIS Age: 20 to 50 Gender Female 27 Male 23Survey was based on equal distribution of questionnaire as in 25 to male and 25 to female but this shows that the percentage of women is more Occupation: Students (11 males, 10 females) Teacher (4 males, 4 females) Housewives (9 females) Clerk (3 male, 2 females) Shopkeepers (7 males) Zodiac: 1) How much do you believe in astrology? Very much Not so much Slightly Not at all The graph shows that females are more who believes very much in horoscope and males marked more to not so much. In slightly both have almost same percentage whereas, in not at all the percentage of females are again more than males. 2) What is the frequent source you use for checking your horoscope? Newspaper Magazines Television Internet Other (specify) Most females get to know about their horoscope through newspapers, TV and magazines because its an easy source for women whereas the usage of internet to know about their horoscope is more from males. For males internet is an easy access and they are fond of electrical things specially spent most of their time on computer. Other options included radio and astrologer, and this showing that men are dominant in this portion of graph. 3) Do you relate astrology with religion? Yes Somehow Not at all Females are more who relate religion and astrology, and the percentage of men is high in not at all. Whereas in (somehow) its almost same. 4) Do you spend your day as predicted in your horoscope? Very much Not so much Slightly Not at all Females dominating very much part of the graph and not at all is dominated by men. Not so much and slightly are nearly same. This is because women have to stay home and they do not as practical and tough life as men have. So they like to spent their day according to their horoscope. 5) Is reading about your horoscope, in your daily routine? Very much Not so much Slightly Not at all Again females are dominating in very much section, whereas men in not at all. Women have time to read about their horoscope. After getting free from the house chores they take out time for horoscope. 6) If you read your horoscope, why would you do so? For fun For advice Habit Pass time Other (specify) Men do it for fun; females have a habit of it. Women also take a horoscope as an adviser. 7) Do you read out the signs of people that you are in relationship with? (Affection) Yes Slightly Not at all Women are more keen to know about what is going on and what will going to happened with their loved one. In slightly the percentage is almost same and not at is dominated by men. 8) Do you think your zodiac depicts your personality? Very much Not so much Slightly Not at all Females are again who thinks that their zodiac depicts their personality. The above graphs shows that the females are strong believers than men, that is why they act according to that what has written in their horoscope and this is the reason may be that they have a view that their zodiac portrays their personality. 9) Do you read horoscope when you are disturbed or conscious about something? Strongly agree Agree Feel neutral Strongly disagree Disagree Females are more who read out their horoscope in bad conditions, man are more in agree, men feel neutral in knowing about their future in stresses conditions. SURVEY CONCLUSION Survey questionnaire was equally distributed to males and females. And on the same ratio of education, working females were also the part of the survey but results that graphs are showing that females are more into astrology and this shows that women read do not read it just for fun, its kind of habit for them and they take it as an good adviser. The reason behind all this is because they are more curious, possessive, superstitious or eager to know about their and others future. DISCUSSION This research paper views that people are dependent on horoscope. It helps them in building up their confidence that what is going to happened in their future. Tensions and pressure of daily life made them to search the cure, so they go for reading horoscope. By knowing about their future they will be able to prepare themselves according to the coming situation. This need of people has increased the value of horoscope and made people reliant on it. The needs of poor and privileged, educated and illiterate but more or less they have a belief in astrology. The ratio of female is more than males. In every question females are more positive respondent than men. This is an extremely amazing situation that in this technological era astrology is still popular among people and they actually believe on that. CONCLUSION This whole research paper and the result show that females are more prone towards horoscope. And the factors behind reading horoscope are psychological, religious and social. Male female both go through their horoscope and consider it helpful for themselves to know about their forecast, so that they can manage in bad conditions and they would have idea what is coming next in their lives. Astrology is popular among people and they feel satisfied when read about horoscope. Our society is being admired by astrology and it became their habit to know about their horoscope. Females are more likely to visit horoscope section in newspaper, magazines and TV because these things are easily in range of them. People got the habit from their friends, colleagues or companions. Once they read it just for fun, other time again may be for fun but then it will become their desire to know what will be good for them and whats not. Females are more conscious about their and their beloveds lives so they u sed to follow daily horoscope more, males have busy tough routine and may be their responsibility is just to take care of outdoor activities so they dont get time for it. Females have the habit of inquiry and by considering horoscope it will give help to them.

Biocon

Case: BIOCON LTD. Building a biotech powerhouse Reasons for success of Biocon Ltd. in the past: Sequential growth strategy: Biocon added businesses like enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, research services and drug development that were interlinked. Consolidation of core skills: Biocon had consolidated its core skills in enzymes (known to be the building blocks of biotech), established a footprint in biopharmaceuticals (which helped generate regular cash flow) and partnered with global firms (serving as launching pads for drug development). Biocon's Integrated Business Model: Biocon, along with its subsidiaries – Syngene and Clinigene, handles the entire lifecycle of a drug; right from discovery to commercialization (it has least expertise in commercialization). o Discovery Syngene Molecular Biology Synthetic Chemistry Biocon Microbial Fermentation Biodiversity Bioprocessing o Development Clinigene Clinical Research Clinical Development Clinical Trials o Commercialization Biocon Generics, main contributor to revenue: Bulk of their revenues came from generics. A generic drug typically cost 20 per cent to 80 per cent less because the product was not burdened with legacy expenses of research, development, clinical trials and marketing. Patent of Plafactor: Biocon secured a U. S. patent for a reactor it developed, known as plafactor. The patent gave the company exclusive global rights to use and license the technology for the manufacture of drugs involving genetically engineered microorganisms in a solid-state fermenter. Diversified and Specialized: From the company’s origins making enzymes for the breweries industry, Biocon had expanded and diversified into related fields during the next two decades. Biocon specialized in four broad areas: enzymes, biopharmaceuticals, custom research and clinical research. Fermentation offered competitive advantage: The importance of enzymes for Biocon lay in the fact that the business was a springboard for one of the company’s competitive advantages. Fermentation was a core skill that offered Biocon a leverage in stage 3 of the value chain of biopharmaceuticals. The company’s fermenting capacity gave it both the ability to scale up an industrial process and the platform on which to pursue discovery-led growth. Threats to sustaining this performance in future: More competitive market: Every biotech player – big and small, was seeking a foothold in generics. The biopharmaceuticals space, in which Biocon had built a niche, was thus becoming more crowded and competitive day by day. Changing Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment that had made generics such an attractive sector in India was changing. The government of India had introduced a full-fledged patents regime. In the past, the Indian government had granted patents for the process of manufacturing a drug, not for the drug itself. Patent protection of Statins: Biopharmaceuticals represented 80 per cent of Biocon’s turnover, with the production of APIs for statins accounting for 45 per cent of revenue. Statins would lose patent protection in 2008 in the United States. As a result, the dollar value of the global market for statins would shrink from $22 billion to $3 billion. There were also pricing pressures from low-cost Chinese competitors. Commercialization: Relative to the company’s other activities; Biocon had the least expertise in this final stage of drug discovery and development. Investments were being made in creating the manufacturing capacity for industrial scale-up. Commercialization would also require compliance with manufacturing standards, deployment of a sales force and development of expertise in marketing and promotions aimed at physicians and end-customers. Greater demand on Biocon’s financial resources: Biocon had operated for a long time in the realm of commodities, characterized by business-to-business sales. Making the transition to drug discovery and development would involve developing competence in several key areas: building a portfolio of promising drug candidates to move through the development pipeline, project management skills to facilitate this process, regulatory compliance, manufacturing and marketing. The need to develop capabilities in these areas would place greater demand on Biocon’s financial resources.

Cpa Questions

Multiple Choice—CPA Adapted Chapter 14 – Long Term Liabilities 1. On July 1, 2010, Spear Co. issued 1,000 of its 10%, $1,000 bonds at 99 plus accrued interest. The bonds are dated April 1, 2010 and mature on April 1, 2020. Interest is payable semiannually on April 1 and October 1. What amount did Spear receive from the bond issuance? a. $1,015,000 b. $1,000,000 c. $990,000 d. $965,000 2. On January 1, 2010, Solis Co. issued its 10% bonds in the face amount of $3,000,000, which mature on January 1, 2020. The bonds were issued for $3,405,000 to yield 8%, resulting in bond premium of $405,000.Solis uses the effective-interest method of amortizing bond premium. Interest is payable annually on December 31. At December 31, 2010, Solis's adjusted unamortized bond premium should be a. $405,000. b. $377,400. c. $364,500. d. $304,500. 3. On July 1, 2009, Noble, Inc. issued 9% bonds in the face amount of $5,000,000, which mature on July 1, 2015. The bonds were issued for $4,695,00 0 to yield 10%, resulting in a bond discount of $305,000. Noble uses the effective-interest method of amortizing bond discount. Interest is payable annually on June 30. At June 30, 2011, Noble's unamortized bond discount should be a. 264,050. b. $255,000. c. $244,000. d. $215,000. 4. On January 1, 2010, Huff Co. sold $1,000,000 of its 10% bonds for $885,296 to yield 12%. Interest is payable semiannually on January 1 and July 1. What amount should Huff report as interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2010? a. $44,266 b. $50,000 c. $53,118 d. $60,000 5. On January 1, 2011, Doty Co. redeemed its 15-year bonds of $2,500,000 par value for 102. They were originally issued on January 1, 1999 at 98 with a maturity date of January 1, 2014. The bond issue costs relating to this transaction were $150,000.Doty amortizes discounts, premiums, and bond issue costs using the straight-line method. What amount of loss should Doty recognize on the redemption of these bonds (ignore taxes)? a. $90,000 b. $60,000 c. $50,000 d. $0 6. On its December 31, 2010 balance sheet, Emig Corp. reported bonds payable of $6,000,000 and related unamortized bond issue costs of $320,000. The bonds had been issued at par. On January 2, 2011, Emig retired $3,000,000 of the outstanding bonds at par plus a call premium of $70,000. What amount should Emig report in its 2011 income statement as loss on extinguishment of debt (ignore taxes)? . $0 b. $70,000 c. $160,000 d. $230,000 7. On January 1, 2006, Goll Corp. issued 1,000 of its 10%, $1,000 bonds for $1,040,000. These bonds were to mature on January 1, 2016 but were callable at 101 any time after December 31, 2009. Interest was payable semiannually on July 1 and January 1. On July 1, 2011, Goll called all of the bonds and retired them. Bond premium was amortized on a straight-line basis. Before income taxes, Goll's gain or loss in 2011 on this early extinguishment of debt was a. $30,000 gain. b. $12,000 gain. c. $10,000 loss. d. $8,000 g ain. 8. On June 30, 2011, Omara Co. ad outstanding 8%, $3,000,000 face amount, 15-year bonds maturing on June 30, 2021. Interest is payable on June 30 and December 31. The unamortized balances in the bond discount and deferred bond issue costs accounts on June 30, 2011 were $105,000 and $30,000, respectively. On June 30, 2011, Omara acquired all of these bonds at 94 and retired them. What net carrying amount should be used in computing gain or loss on this early extinguishment of debt? a. $2,970,000. b. $2,895,000. c. $2,865,000. d. $2,820,000. 9. A ten-year bond was issued in 2009 at a discount with a call provision to retire the bonds.When the bond issuer exercised the call provision on an interest date in 2011, the carrying amount of the bond was less than the call price. The amount of bond liability removed from the accounts in 2011 should have equaled the a. call price. b. call price less unamortized discount. c. face amount less unamortized discount. d. face amount plus unamor tized discount. 10. Paige Co. took advantage of market conditions to refund debt. This was the fourth refunding operation carried out by Paige within the last three years. The excess of the carrying amount of the old debt over the amount paid to extinguish it should be reported as a a. ain, net of income taxes. b. loss, net of income taxes. c. part of continuing operations. d. deferred credit to be amortized over the life of the new debt. *11. Eddy Co. is indebted to Cole under a $400,000, 12%, three-year note dated December 31, 2009. Because of Eddy's financial difficulties developing in 2011, Eddy owed accrued interest of $48,000 on the note at December 31, 2011. Under a troubled debt restructuring, on December 31, 2011, Cole agreed to settle the note and accrued interest for a tract of land having a fair value of $360,000. Eddy's acquisition cost of the land is $290,000.Ignoring income taxes, on its 2011 income statement Eddy should report as a result of the troubled debt restruc turing Gain on DisposalRestructuring Gain a. $158,000$0 b. $110,000$0 c. $70,000$40,000 d. $70,000$88,000 Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | a| 3. | a| 5. | a| 7. | d| 9. | c| *11. | d| 2. | b| 4. | c| 6. | d| 8. | c| 10. | c| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. a($1,000,000 ? .99) + ($1,000,000 ? .10 ? 3/12) = $1,015,000. 2. b$405,000 – [($3,000,000 ? .10) – ($3,405,000 ? .08)] = $377,400. 3. a2009–2010:$4,695,000 + [($4,695,000 ? 1) – ($5,000,000 ? .09)] = $4,714,500. 2010–2011:$4,714,500 + ($471,450 – $450,000) = $4,735,950 $5,000,000 – $4,735,950 = $264,050. 4. c$885,296 ? .06 = $53,118. 5. a($2,500,000 ? 1. 02) –= $90,000. 6. d($3,000,000 + $70,000) – [($6,000,000 – $320,000) ? 1/2] = $230,000. 7. d – ($1,000,000 ? 1. 01) = $8,000. 8. c$3,000,000 – ($105,000 + $30,000) = $2,865,000. 9. cConceptual. 10. cConceptual . *11. d$360,000 – $290,000 = $70,000 ($400,000 + $48,000) – $360,000 = $88,000. Chapter 15 – Stockholders’ Equity 1. A corporation was organized in January 2007 with authorized capital of $10 par value common stock.On February 1, 2010, shares were issued at par for cash. On March 1, 2010, the corporation's attorney accepted 7,000 shares of common stock in settlement for legal services with a fair value of $90,000. Additional paid-in capital would increase on February 1, 2010March 1, 2010 a. YesNo b. YesYes c. NoNo d. NoYes 2. On July 1, 2010, Nall Co. issued 2,500 shares of its $10 par common stock and 5,000 shares of its $10 par convertible preferred stock for a lump sum of $125,000. At this date Nall's common stock was selling for $24 per share and the convertible preferred stock for $18 per share. The amount of he proceeds allocated to Nall's preferred stock should be a. $62,500. b. $75,000. c. $90,000. d. $68,750. 3. Horton Co. was organized on Janua ry 2, 2010, with 500,000 authorized shares of $10 par value common stock. During 2010, Horton had the following capital transactions: January 5—issued 375,000 shares at $14 per share. July 27—purchased 25,000 shares at $11 per share. November 25—sold 15,000 shares of treasury stock at $13 per share. Horton used the cost method to record the purchase of the treasury shares. What would be the balance in the Paid-in Capital from Treasury Stock account at December 31, 2010? . $0. b. $15,000. c. $30,000. d. $45,000. 4. In 2010, Hobbs Corp. acquired 9,000 shares of its own $1 par value common stock at $18 per share. In 2011, Hobbs issued 4,000 of these shares at $25 per share. Hobbs uses the cost method to account for its treasury stock transactions. What accounts and what amounts should Hobbs credit in 2011 to record the issuance of the 4,000 shares? TreasuryAdditionalRetainedCommon StockPaid-in CapitalEarnings Stock a. $72,000$70,000 b. $72,000$28,000 c. $96,000$4,0 00 d. $68,000$28,000$4,000 5. At its date of incorporation, Sauder, Inc. ssued 100,000 shares of its $10 par common stock at $11 per share. During the current year, Sauder acquired 20,000 shares of its common stock at a price of $16 per share and accounted for them by the cost method. Subsequently, these shares were reissued at a price of $12 per share. There have been no other issuances or acquisitions of its own common stock. What effect does the reissuance of the stock have on the following accounts? Retained EarningsAdditional Paid-in Capital a. DecreaseDecrease b. No effectDecrease c. DecreaseNo effect d. No effectNo effect 6. Farmer Corp. owned 20,000 shares of Eaton Corp. urchased in 2007 for $240,000. On December 15, 2010, Farmer declared a property dividend of all of its Eaton Corp. shares on the basis of one share of Eaton for every 10 shares of Farmer common stock held by its stockholders. The property dividend was distributed on January 15, 2011. On the declaration date, the aggregate market price of the Eaton shares held by Farmer was $400,000. The entry to record the declaration of the dividend would include a debit to Retained Earnings of a. $0. b. $160,000. c. $240,000. d. $400,000. 7. A corporation declared a dividend, a portion of which was liquidating.How would this distribution affect each of the following? Additional Paid-in CapitalRetained Earnings a. DecreaseNo effect b. DecreaseDecrease c. No effectDecrease d. No effectNo effect 8. On May 1, 2010, Ziek Corp. declared and issued a 10% common stock dividend. Prior to this dividend, Ziek had 100,000 shares of $1 par value common stock issued and outstanding. The fair value of Ziek ‘s common stock was $20 per share on May 1, 2010. As a result of this stock dividend, Ziek's total stockholders' equity a. increased by $200,000. b. decreased by $200,000. c. decreased by $10,000. d. did not change. . How would the declaration and subsequent issuance of a 10% stock dividend by the issuer af fect each of the following when the market value of the shares exceeds the par value of the stock? Additional Common StockPaid-in Capital a. No effectNo effect b. No effectIncrease c. IncreaseNo effect d. IncreaseIncrease 10. On December 31, 2010, the stockholders' equity section of Arndt, Inc. , was as follows: Common stock, par value $10; authorized 30,000 shares; issued and outstanding 9,000 shares$ 90,000 Additional paid-in capital116,000 Retained earnings 174,000 Total stockholders' equity$380,000On March 31, 2011, Arndt declared a 10% stock dividend, and accordingly 900 additional shares were issued, when the fair market value of the stock was $18 per share. For the three months ended March 31, 2011, Arndt sustained a net loss of $32,000. The balance of Arndt’s retained earnings as of March 31, 2011, should be a. $125,800. b. $133,000. c. $134,800. d. $142,000. *11. At December 31, 2010 and 2011, Plank Corp. had outstanding 2,000 shares of $100 par value 8% cumulative p referred stock and 10,000 shares of $10 par value common stock. At December 31, 2010, dividends in arrears on the preferred stock were $8,000.Cash dividends declared in 2011 totaled $30,000. What amounts were payable on each class of stock? Preferred StockCommon Stock a. $16,000$14,000 b. $22,000$8,000 c. $24,000$6,000 d. $30,000$0 Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | d| 3. | c| 5. | c| 7. | b| 9. | d| *11. | c| 2. | b| 4. | b| 6. | d| 8. | d| 10. | a| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. dConceptual. 2. b($24 2,500) + ($18 5,000) = $150,000. $90,000 ————— ? $125,000 = $75,000. $150,000 3. c15,000 $2 = $30,000. 4. b(4,000 $18) = $72,000; (4,000 $7) = $28,000. . cConceptual. 6. d$400,000 (market value). 7. b Conceptual. 8. dConceptual. 9. dConceptual. 10. a$174,000 – $32,000 – (900 $18) = $125,800. *11. c($200,000 . 08) + $8,000 = $24,000; $30,000 – $24,000 = $6,000 Chapter 16 — Dilutive Securities ; Earnings Per Share 1. On January 2, 2010, Farr Co. issued 10-year convertible bonds at 105. During 2012, these bonds were converted into common stock having an aggregate par value equal to the total face amount of the bonds. At conversion, the market price of Farr’s common stock was 50 percent above its par value.On January 2, 2010, cash proceeds from the issuance of the convertible bonds should be reported as a. paid-in capital for the entire proceeds. b. paid-in capital for the portion of the proceeds attributable to the conversion feature and as a liability for the balance. c. a liability for the face amount of the bonds and paid-in capital for the premium over the face amount. d. a liability for the entire proceeds. 2. Lang Co. issued bonds with detachable common stock warrants. Only the warrants had a known market value. The sum of the fair value of the warrants and the face amount of the bonds exceeds the cash p roceeds.This excess is reported as a. Discount on Bonds Payable. b. Premium on Bonds Payable. c. Common Stock Subscribed. d. Paid-in Capital in Excess of Par—Stock Warrants. 3. On January 1, 2010, Sharp Corp. granted an employee an option to purchase 6,000 shares of Sharp's $5 par value common stock at $20 per share. The Black-Scholes option pricing model determines total compensation expense to be $140,000. The option became exercisable on December 31, 2011, after the employee completed two years of service. The market prices of Sharp's stock were as follows: January 1, 2010$30 December 31, 201150For 2011, should recognize compensation expense under the fair value method of a. $90,000. b. $30,000. c. $70,000. d. $0. *4. On January 2, 2010, for past services, Rosen Corp. granted Nenn Pine, its president, 16,000 stock appreciation rights that are exercisable immediately and expire on January 2, 2011. On exercise, Nenn is entitled to receive cash for the excess of the market pr ice of the stock on the exercise date over the market price on the grant date. Nenn did not exercise any of the rights during 2010. The market price of Rosen's stock was $30 on January 2, 2010, and $45 on December 31, 2010.As a result of the stock appreciation rights, Rosen should recognize compensation expense for 2010 of a. $0. b. $80,000. c. $240,000. d. $480,000. Multiple Choice Answers—Dilutive Securities, CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | d| 2. | a| 3. | c| *4. | c| No. AnswerDerivation 1. dConceptual. 2. aConceptual. 3. c$140,000 ? 2 = $70,000. *4. c($45 – $30) ? 16,000 = $240,000. Earnings Per Share 5. Didde Co. had 300,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010. No common stock was issued during 2011. On January 1, 2011, Didde issued 200,000 shares of nonconvertible preferred stock.During 2011, Didde declared and paid $100,000 cash dividends on the common stock and $80,000 on the preferred stock. N et income for the year ended December 31, 2011 was $620,000. What should be Didde's 2011 earnings per common share? a. $2. 07 b. $1. 80 c. $1. 73 d. $1. 47 6. At December 31, 2011 and 2010, Miley Corp. had 180,000 shares of common stock and 10,000 shares of 5%, $100 par value cumulative preferred stock outstanding. No dividends were declared on either the preferred or common stock in 2011 or 2010. Net income for 2011 was $400,000. For 2011, earnings per common share amounted to a. $2. 22. b. $1. 94. c. 1. 67. d. $1. 11. 7. Marsh Co. had 2,400,000 shares of common stock outstanding on January 1 and December 31, 2011. In connection with the acquisition of a subsidiary company in June 2010, Marsh is required to issue 100,000 additional shares of its common stock on July 1, 2012, to the former owners of the subsidiary. Marsh paid $200,000 in preferred stock dividends in 2011, and reported net income of $3,400,000 for the year. Marsh's diluted earnings per share for 2011 should be a. $1. 42. b. $1. 36. c. $1. 33. d. $1. 28. 8. Foyle, Inc. , had 560,000 shares of common stock issued and outstanding at December 31, 2010.On July 1, 2011, an additional 40,000 shares of common stock were issued for cash. Foyle also had unexercised stock options to purchase 32,000 shares of common stock at $15 per share outstanding at the beginning and end of 2011. The average market price of Foyle's common stock was $20 during 2011. What is the number of shares that should be used in computing diluted earnings per share for the year ended December 31, 2011? a. 580,000 b. 588,000 c. 608,000 d. 612,000 9. When computing diluted earnings per share, convertible securities are a. ignored. b. recognized only if they are dilutive. c. recognized only if they are antidilutive. . recognized whether they are dilutive or antidilutive. 10. In determining diluted earnings per share, dividends on nonconvertible cumulative preferred stock should be a. disregarded. b. added back to net income whether de clared or not. c. deducted from net income only if declared. d. deducted from net income whether declared or not. 11. The if-converted method of computing earnings per share data assumes conversion of convertible securities as of the a. beginning of the earliest period reported (or at time of issuance, if later). b. beginning of the earliest period reported (regardless of time of issuance). c. iddle of the earliest period reported (regardless of time of issuance). d. ending of the earliest period reported (regardless of time of issuance). Multiple Choice Answers—Earnings Per Share—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 5. | b| 6. | b| 7. | d| 8. | b| 9. | b| 10. | d| 11. | a| No. AnswerDerivation 5. b$620,000 – $80,000 ————————— = $1. 80. 300,000 6. b $400,000 – (10,000 ? $100 ? .05) ————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€ = $1. 94. 180,000 7. d $3,400,000 – $200,000 ——————————– = $1. 28. 2,400,000 + 100,000 8. b560,000 + (40,000 ? 6/12) + [32,000 – (32,000 ? 15 ? $20)] = 588,000. 9. bConceptual. 10. dConceptual. 11. aConceptual. Chapter 17 – Investments 1. On October 1, 2010, Wenn Co. purchased 600 of the $1,000 face value, 8% bonds of Loy, Inc. , for $702,000, including accrued interest of $12,000. The bonds, which mature on January 1, 2017, pay interest semiannually on January 1 and July 1. Wenn used the straight-line method of amortization and appropriately recorded the bonds as available-for-sale. On Wenn's December 31, 2011 balance sheet, the carrying value of the bonds is a. $690,000. b. $684,000. c. $681,600. d. $672,000. 2. Valet Corp. egan operations in 2010. An analysis of Valet’s equity securities portfolio acquir ed in 2010 shows the following totals at December 31, 2010 for trading and available-for-sale securities: TradingAvailable-for-Sale SecuritiesSecurities Aggregate cost$90,000$110,000 Aggregate fair value65,00095,000 What amount should Valet report in its 2010 income statement for unrealized holding loss? a. $40,000. b. $10,000. c. $15,000. d. $25,000. 3. At December 31, 2010, Jeter Corp. had the following equity securities that were purchased during 2010, its first year of operation: FairUnrealized Cost ValueGain (Loss)Trading Securities: SecurityA$ 90,000$ 60,000$(30,000) B 15,000 20,000 5,000 Totals$105,000$ 80,000$(25,000) Available-for-Sale Securities: SecurityY$ 70,000$ 80,000$ 10,000 Z 85,000 55,000 (30,000) Totals$155,000$135,000$(20,000) All market declines are considered temporary. Fair value adjustments at December 31, 2010 should be established with a corresponding charge against IncomeStockholders’ Equity a. $45,000$ 0 b. $30,000$30,000 c. $25,000$20,000 d. $25,00 0$ 0 4. On December 29, 2011, James Co. sold an equity security that had been purchased on January 4, 2010.James owned no other equity securities. An unrealized holding loss was reported in the 2010 income statement. A realized gain was reported in the 2011 income statement. Was the equity security classified as available-for-sale and did its 2010 market price decline exceed its 2011 market price recovery? 2010 Market Price Decline Exceeded 2011 Available-for-SaleMarket Price Recovery a. YesYes b. YesNo c. NoYes d. NoNo Use the following information for questions 5 through 7. Rich, Inc. acquired 30% of Doane Corp. ‘s voting stock on January 1, 2010 for $400,000. During 2010, Doane earned $160,000 and paid dividends of $100,000.Rich's 30% interest in Doane gives Rich the ability to exercise significant influence over Doane's operating and financial policies. During 2011, Doane earned $200,000 and paid dividends of $60,000 on April 1 and $60,000 on October 1. On July 1, 2011, Ri ch sold half of its stock in Doane for $264,000 cash. 5. Before income taxes, what amount should Rich include in its 2010 income statement as a result of the investment? a. $160,000. b. $100,000. c. $48,000. d. $30,000. 6. The carrying amount of this investment in Rich's December 31, 2010 balance sheet should be a. $400,000. b. $418,000. c. $448,000. d. $460,000. . What should be the gain on sale of this investment in Rich's 2011 income statement? a. $64,000. b. $55,000. c. $49,000. d. $40,000. 8. On January 1, 2010, Reston Co. purchased 25% of Ace Corp. ‘s common stock; no goodwill resulted from the purchase. Reston appropriately carries this investment at equity and the balance in Reston’s investment account was $720,000 at December 31, 2010. Ace reported net income of $450,000 for the year ended December 31, 2010, and paid common stock dividends totaling $180,000 during 2010. How much did Reston pay for its 25% interest in Ace? a. $652,500. b. $765,000. c. $787,500. d. 877,500. 9. On December 31, 2010, Patel Co. purchased equity securities as trading securities. Pertinent data are as follows: Fair Value Security CostAt 12/31/11 A$132,000$117,000 B168,000186,000 C288,000258,000 On December 31, 2011, Patel transferred its investment in security C from trading to available-for-sale because Patel intends to retain security C as a long-term investment. What total amount of gain or loss on its securities should be included in Patel's income statement for the year ended December 31, 2011? a. $3,000 gain. b. $27,000 loss. c. $30,000 loss. d. $45,000 loss. Multiple Choice Answers—CPA AdaptedItem| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | d| 3. | c| 5. | c| 7. | c| 9. | b| 2. | d| 4. | d| 6. | b| 8. | a| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. d$702,000 – $12,000 = $690,000 15 $690,000 – ($90,000 ? — ) = $672,000. 75 2. d$90,000 – $65,000 = $25,000. 3. c 4. dConceptual. 5. c$160,000 ? 30% = $48,000. 6. b$400,0 00 + $48,000 – ($100,000 ? 30%) = $418,000. 7. c$418,000 – ($60,000 ? 30%) + ($200,000 ? 50% ? 30%) = $430,000. $264,000 – ($430,000 ? 2) = $49,000. 8. a$720,000 – ($450,000 ? 25%) + ($180,000 ? 25%) = $652,500. 9. b$18,000 – $15,000 – $30,000 = $27,000 loss. Chapter 18 – Revenue Recognition . According to the FASB's conceptual framework, the process of reporting an item in the financial statements of an entity is a. recognition. b. realization. c. allocation. d. matching. 2. Green Construction Co. has consistently used the percentage-of-completion method of recognizing revenue. During 2010, Green entered into a fixed-price contract to construct an office building for $12,000,000. Information relating to the contract is as follows: At December 31 2010 2011 Percentage of completion15%45% Estimated total cost at completion$9,000,000$9,600,000 Gross profit recognized (cumulative)600,0001,440,000Contract costs incurred during 2011 were: a . $2,880,000. b. $2,970,000. c. $3,150,000. d. $4,320,000. 3. Bruner Constructors, Inc. has consistently used the percentage-of-completion method of recognizing income. In 2010, Bruner started work on a $35,000,000 construction contract that was completed in 2011. The following information was taken from Bruner's 2010 accounting records: Progress billings$11,000,000 Costs incurred10,500,000 Collections7,000,000 Estimated costs to complete21,000,000 What amount of gross profit should Bruner have recognized in 2010 on this contract? a. $3,500,000 b. 2,333,334 c. $1,750,000 d. $1,166,667 4. During 2010, Gates Corp. started a construction job with a total contract price of $3,500,000. The job was completed on December 15, 2011. Additional data are as follows: 2010 2011 Actual costs incurred$1,350,000$1,525,000 Estimated remaining costs1,350,000— Billed to customer1,200,0002,300,000 Received from customer1,000,0002,400,000 Under the completed-contract method, what amount should Ga tes recognize as gross profit for 2011? a. $225,000 b. $312,500 c. $475,000 d. $625,000 5. Hogan Farms produced 800,000 pounds of cotton during the 2010 season.Hogan sells all of its cotton to Ott Co. , which has agreed to purchase Hogan's entire production at the prevailing market price. Recent legislation assures that the market price will not fall below $. 70 per pound during the next two years. Hogan's costs of selling and distributing the cotton are immaterial and can be reasonably estimated. Hogan reports its inventory at expected exit value. During 2010, Hogan sold and delivered to Ott 600,000 pounds at the market price of $. 70. Hogan sold the remaining 200,000 pounds during 2011 at the market price of $. 72. What amount of revenue should Hogan recognize in 2010? . $420,000 b. $432,000 c. $560,000 d. $576,000 6. Braun, Inc. appropriately uses the installment-sales method of accounting to recognize income in its financial statements. Some pertinent data relating to this metho d of accounting include: 2010 2011 Installment sales$750,000$720,000 Cost of installment sales 570,000 504,000 Gross profit$180,000$216,000 Rate of gross profit24%30% Balance of deferred gross profit at year end: 2010$108,000$ 36,000 2011 198,000 Total$108,000$234,000 What amount of installment accounts receivable should be presented in Braun's December 31, 2011 balance sheet? a. 720,000 b. $810,000 c. $780,000 d. $866,666 7. Hartz Co. , which began operations on January 1, 2010, appropriately uses the installment-sales method of accounting. The following information pertains to Hartz's operations for the year 2010: Installment sales$1,200,000 Regular sales480,000 Cost of installment sales720,000 Cost of regular sales288,000 General and administrative expenses96,000 Collections on installment sales288,000 The deferred gross profit account in Hartz's December 31, 2010 balance sheet should be a. $115,200. b. $192,000. c. $364,800. d. $480,000. 8. On January 1, 2010, Orton Co. old a us ed machine to King, Inc. for $350,000. On this date, the machine had a depreciated cost of $245,000. King paid $50,000 cash on January 1, 2010 and signed a $300,000 note bearing interest at 10%. The note was payable in three annual installments of $100,000 beginning January 1, 2011. Orton appropriately accounted for the sale under the installment method. King made a timely payment of the first installment on January 1, 2011 of $130,000, which included interest of $30,000 to date of payment. At December 31, 2011, Orton has deferred gross profit of a. $70,000. b. $66,000. c. $60,000. d. 51,000. 9. Piper Co. began operations on January 1, 2010 and appropriately uses the installment method of accounting. The following information pertains to Piper's operations for 2010: Installment sales1,800,000 Cost of installment sales1,080,000 General and administrative expenses180,000 Collections on installment sales825,000 The balance in the deferred gross profit account at December 31, 2010 shoul d be a. $330,000. b. $495,000. c. $390,000. d. $720,000. 10. Moon Co. records all sales using the installment method of accounting. Installment sales contracts call for 36 equal monthly cash payments.According to the FASB's conceptual framework, the amount of deferred gross profit relating to collections 12 months beyond the balance sheet date should be reported in the a. current liabilities section as a deferred revenue. b. noncurrent liabilities section as a deferred revenue. c. current assets section as a contra account. d. noncurrent assets section as a contra account. 11. Crane, Inc. is a retailer of home appliances and offers a service contract on each appliance sold. Crane sells appliances on installment contracts, but all service contracts must be paid in full at the time of sale.Collections received for service contracts should be recorded as an increase in a a. deferred revenue account. b. sales contracts receivable valuation account. c. stockholders' valuation account. d. service revenue account. Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | a| 3. | d| 5. | c| 7. | c| 9. | c| 11. | a| 2. | b| 4. | d| 6. | b| 8. | c| 10. | c| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. aConceptual. 2. b($9,600,000 45%) – ($9,000,000 15%) = $2,970,000. $10,500,000 3. d—————— ($35,000,000 – $31,500,000) = $1,166,667. $31,500,000 . d$3,500,000 – $1,350,000 – $1,525,000 = $625,000. 5. c800,000 lbs. $. 70 = $560,000. 6. b($36,000 ? 24%) + ($198,000 ? 30%) = $810,000. 7. c$1,200,000 – $720,000 = $480,000 gross profit (40% gross profit rate) $480,000 – ($288,000 . 4) = $364,800. 8. c$300,000 + $50,000 = $350,000 $350,000 – $245,000 = $105,000 gross profit (30% gross profit rate) ($300,000 – $100,000) ? 30% = $60,000. 9. c$1,800,000 – $1,080,000 = $720,000 (40% gross profit rate)$720,000 – ($825,00 0 40%) = $390,000. 10. cConceptual. 11. aConceptual. Chapter 20 Accounting for Pensions ; Post Retirement Benefits 1.The following information pertains to Hopson Co. ‘s pension plan: Actuarial estimate of projected benefit obligation at 1/1/11$72,000 Assumed discount rate10% Service costs for 2011$18,000 Pension benefits paid during 2011$15,000 If no change in actuarial estimates occurred during 2011, Hopson's projected benefit obligation at December 31, 2011 was a. $64,200. b. $75,000. c. $79,200. d. $82,200. 2. Interest cost included in pension expense recognized for a period by an employer sponsoring a defined-benefit pension plan represents the a. shortage between the expected and actual returns on plan assets. b. ncrease in the projected benefit obligation due to the passage of time. c. increase in the fair value of plan assets due to the passage of time. d. amortization of the discount on accumulated OCI (PSC). 3. Logan Corp. , a company whose stock is publicly traded, provides a noncontributory defined-benefit pension plan for its employees. The company's actuary has provided the following information for the year ended December 31, 2011: Projected benefit obligation$600,000 Accumulated benefit obligation525,000 Fair value of plan assets825,000 Service cost240,000 Interest on projected benefit obligation24,000Amortization of prior service cost60,000 Expected and actual return on plan assets82,500 The market-related asset value equals the fair value of plan assets. No contributions have been made for 2011 pension cost. In its December 31, 2011 balance sheet, Logan should report a pension asset / liability of a. Pension liability of $600,000 b. Pension asset of $824,000 c. Pension asset of $225,000 d. Pension liability of $525,000 4. Seigel Co. maintains a defined-benefit pension plan for its employees. At each balance sheet date, Yeager should report a pension asset / liability equal to the a. ccumulated benefit obligation. b. projected benefit ob ligation. c. accumulated benefit obligation. d. funded status relative to the projected benefit obligation. 5. Ohlman, Inc. maintains a defined-benefit pension plan for its employees. As of December 31, 2011, the market value of the plan assets is less than the accumulated benefit obligation. The projected benefit obligation exceeds the accumulated benefit obligation. In its balance sheet as of December 31, 2011, Ohlman should report a liability in the amount of the a. excess of the projected benefit obligation over the fair value of the plan assets. b. xcess of the accumulated benefit obligation over the fair value of the plan assets. c. projected benefit obligation. d. accumulated benefit obligation. 6. At December 31, 2011, the following information was provided by the Vargas Corp. pension plan administrator: Fair value of plan assets$4,500,000 Accumulated benefit obligation5,580,000 Projected benefit obligation7,200,000 What is the amount of the pension liability that should be shown on Vargas' December 31, 2011 balance sheet? a. $7,200,000 b. $2,700,000 c. $1,620,000 d. $1,080,000 Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. d| 3. | c| 5. | a| 2. | b| 4. | d| 6. | b| No. AnswerDerivation 1. d$72,000 + $18,000 + ($72,000 ? .10) – $15,000 = $82,200. 2. bConceptual. 3. c$825,000 – $600,000 = $225,000. 4. dConceptual. 5. aConceptual. 6. b$7,200,000 – $4,500,000 = $2,700,000. Chapter 21 –Accounting for Leases 1. Lease A does not contain a bargain purchase option, but the lease term is equal to 90 percent of the estimated economic life of the leased property. Lease B does not transfer ownership of the property to the lessee by the end of the lease term, but the lease term is equal to 75 percent of the estimated economic life of the leased property.How should the lessee classify these leases? Lease A Lease B a. Operating leaseCapital lease b. Operating leaseOperating lease c. Capital leaseCapita l lease d. Capital leaseOperating lease 2. On December 31, 2011, Burton, Inc. leased machinery with a fair value of $840,000 from Cey Rentals Co. The agreement is a six-year noncancelable lease requiring annual payments of $160,000 beginning December 31, 2011. The lease is appropriately accounted for by Burton as a capital lease. Burton's incremental borrowing rate is 11%. Burton knows the interest rate implicit in the lease payments is 10%.The present value of an annuity due of 1 for 6 years at 10% is 4. 7908. The present value of an annuity due of 1 for 6 years at 11% is 4. 6959. In its December 31, 2011 balance sheet, Burton should report a lease liability of a. $606,528. b. $680,000. c. $751,344. d. $766,528. 3. On December 31, 2010, Harris Co. leased a machine from Catt, Inc. for a five-year period. Equal annual payments under the lease are $630,000 (including $30,000 annual executory costs) and are due on December 31 of each year. The first payment was made on December 31, 201 0, and the second payment was made on December 31, 2011.The five lease payments are discounted at 10% over the lease term. The present value of minimum lease payments at the inception of the lease and before the first annual payment was $2,502,000. The lease is appropriately accounted for as a capital lease by Harris. In its December 31, 2011 balance sheet, Harris should report a lease liability of a. $1,902,000. b. $1,872,000. c. $1,711,800. d. $1,492,200. 4. A lessee had a ten-year capital lease requiring equal annual payments. The reduction of the lease liability in year 2 should equal a. the current liability shown for the lease at the end of year 1. . the current liability shown for the lease at the end of year 2. c. the reduction of the lease liability in year 1. d. one-tenth of the original lease liability. Use the following information for questions 5 and 6. On January 2, 2011, Hernandez, Inc. signed a ten-year noncancelable lease for a heavy duty drill press. The lease stip ulated annual payments of $150,000 starting at the end of the first year, with title passing to Hernandez at the expiration of the lease. Hernandez treated this transaction as a capital lease. The drill press has an estimated useful life of 15 years, with no salvage value.Hernandez uses straight-line depreciation for all of its plant assets. Aggregate lease payments were determined to have a present value of $900,000, based on implicit interest of 10%. 5. In its 2011 income statement, what amount of interest expense should Hernandez report from this lease transaction? a. $0 b. $56,250 c. $75,000 d. $90,000 6. In its 2011 income statement, what amount of depreciation expense should Hernandez report from this lease transaction? a. $150,000 b. $100,000 c. $90,000 d. $60,000 7. In a lease that is recorded as a sales-type lease by the lessor, interest revenue a. hould be recognized in full as revenue at the lease's inception. b. should be recognized over the period of the lease using the straight-line method. c. should be recognized over the period of the lease using the effective interest method. d. does not arise. 8. Torrey Co. manufactures equipment that is sold or leased. On December 31, 2011, Torrey leased equipment to Dalton for a five-year period ending December 31, 2016, at which date ownership of the leased asset will be transferred to Dalton. Equal payments under the lease are $220,000 (including $20,000 executory costs) and are due on December 31 of each year.The first payment was made on December 31, 2011. Collectibility of the remaining lease payments is reasonably assured, and Torrey has no material cost uncertainties. The normal sales price of the equipment is $770,000, and cost is $600,000. For the year ended December 31, 2011, what amount of income should Torrey realize from the lease transaction? a. $170,000 b. $220,000 c. $230,000 d. $330,000 *9. Jamar Co. sold its headquarters building at a gain, and simultaneously leased back the building. The lease was reported as a capital lease. At the time of the sale, the gain should be reported as a. perating income. b. an extraordinary item, net of income tax. c. a separate component of stockholders' equity. d. a deferred gain. *10. On December 31, 2011, Haden Corp. sold a machine to Ryan and simultaneously leased it back for one year. Pertinent information at this date follows: Sales price$900,000 Carrying amount825,000 Present value of reasonable lease rentals ($7,500 for 12 months @ 12%)85,000 Estimated remaining useful life12 years In Haden’s December 31, 2011 balance sheet, the deferred profit from the sale of this machine should be a. $85,000. b. $75,000. c. $10,000. . $0. Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | c| 3. | d| 5. | d| 7. | c| *9. | d| 2. | a| 4. | a| 6. | d| 8. | a| *10| d| No. AnswerDerivation 1. cConceptual. 2. a($160,000 ? 4. 7908) – $160,000 = $606,528. 3. d$2,502,000 †“ $630,000 + $30,000 = $1,902,000 (2010). $1,902,000 – [$600,000 – ($1,902,000 ? .10)] = $1,492,200 (2011). 4. aConceptual. 5. d$900,000 ? .10 = $90,000. 6. d$900,000 ? 15 = $60,000. 7. cConceptual. 8. a$770,000 – $600,000 = $170,000. *9. dConceptual. *10. d = 9. 44%, < 10% of FV of asset ? t is a minor leaseback. Chapter 22-Accounting Changes and Error Analysis 1. Which of the following should be reported as a prior period adjustment? Change inChange from Estimated LivesUnaccepted Principle of Depreciable Assetsto Accepted Principle a. YesYes b. NoYes c. YesNo d. NoNo 2. On December 31, 2011, Grantham, Inc. appropriately changed its inventory valuation method to FIFO cost from weighted-average cost for financial statement and income tax purposes. The change will result in a $1,500,000 increase in the beginning inventory at January 1, 2011. Assume a 30% income tax rate.The cumulative effect of this accounting change on beginning retained earnings is a. $0. b. $450,000. c. $1,050,000. d. $1,500,000. 3. On January 1, 2011, Frost Corp. changed its inventory method to FIFO from LIFO for both financial and income tax reporting purposes. The change resulted in an $800,000 increase in the January 1, 2011 inventory. Assume that the income tax rate for all years is 30%. The cumulative effect of the accounting change should be reported by Frost in its 2011 a. retained earnings statement as a $560,000 addition to the beginning balance. b. ncome statement as a $560,000 cumulative effect of accounting change. c. retained earnings statement as an $800,000 addition to the beginning balance. d. income statement as an $800,000 cumulative effect of accounting change. 4. On January 1, 2008, Lake Co. purchased a machine for $792,000 and depreciated it by the straight-line method using an estimated useful life of eight years with no salvage value. On January 1, 2011, Lake determined that the machine had a useful life of six years from the date of acquisition and will have a salvage value of $72,000. An accounting change was made in 2011 to reflect these additional data.The accumulated depreciation for this machine should have a balance at December 31, 2011 of a. $438,000. b. $462,000. c. $480,000. d. $528,000. 5. On January 1, 2008, Hess Co. purchased a patent for $595,000. The patent is being amortized over its remaining legal life of 15 years expiring on January 1, 2023. During 2011, Hess determined that the economic benefits of the patent would not last longer than ten years from the date of acquisition. What amount should be reported in the balance sheet for the patent, net of accumulated amortization, at December 31, 2011? a. $357,000 b. $408,000 c. $420,000 . $436,375 6. During 2010, a textbook written by Mercer Co. personnel was sold to Roark Publishing, Inc. , for royalties of 10% on sales. Royalties are receivable semiannually on March 31, for sales in July through December of the prior year, and on September 30, for sales in January through June of the same year. * Royalty income of $108,000 was accrued at 12/31/10 for the period July-December 2010. * Royalty income of $120,000 was received on 3/31/11, and $156,000 on 9/30/11. * Mercer learned from Roark that sales subject to royalty were estimated at $1,620,000 for the last half of 2011.In its income statement for 2011, Mercer should report royalty income at a. $276,000. b. $288,000. c. $318,000. d. $330,000. 7. On January 1, 2010, Janik Corp. acquired a machine at a cost of $500,000. It is to be depreciated on the straight-line method over a five-year period with no residual value. Because of a bookkeeping error, no depreciation was recognized in Janik's 2010 financial statements. The oversight was discovered during the preparation of Janik's 2011 financial statements. Depreciation expense on this machine for 2011 should be a. $0. b. $100,000. c. $125,000. d. $200,000. 8.On December 31, 2011, special insurance costs, incurred but unpaid, were not reco rded. If these insurance costs were related to work in process, what is the effect of the omission on accrued liabilities and retained earnings in the December 31, 2011 balance sheet? Accrued LiabilitiesRetained Earnings a. No effectNo effect b. No effectOverstated c. UnderstatedNo effect d. UnderstatedOverstated 9. Black, Inc. is a calendar-year corporation whose financial statements for 2010 and 2011 included errors as follows: YearEnding InventoryDepreciation Expense 2010$162,000overstated$135,000overstated 201154,000understated45,000understatedAssume that purchases were recorded correctly and that no correcting entries were made at December 31, 2010, or at December 31, 2011. Ignoring income taxes, by how much should Black's retained earnings be retroactively adjusted at January 1, 2012? a. $144,000 increase b. $36,000 increase c. $18,000 decrease d. $9,000 increase Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | b| 3. | a| 5. | b| 7. | b| 9. | a| 2. | c| 4. | a| 6. | d| 8. | c| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. bConceptual. 2. c$1,500,000 ? (1 – . 3) = $1,050,000. 3. a$800,000 ? (1 – . ) = $560,000. 4. a$792,000 ? 3/8 = $297,000 $297,000 + [($792,000 – $297,000 – $72,000) ? 1/3] = $438,000. 5. b$595,000 ? 3/15 = $119,000 $595,000 – $119,000 – [($595,000 – $119,000) ? 1/7] = $408,000. 6. d($120,000 – $108,000) + $156,000 + ($1,620,000 ? .10) = $330,000. 7. b$500,000 ? 5 = $100,000. 8. cConceptual. 9. a$54,000 (u) + $135,000 (u) – $45,000 (o) = $144,000 (u). Chapter 23- Statement of Cash Flows Use the following information for questions 1 and 2. A company acquired a building, paying a portion of the purchase price in cash and issuing a mortgage note payable to the seller for the balance. . In a statement of cash flows, what amount is included in investing activities for the above transaction? a. Cash payment b. Acquisition price c. Zero d . Mortgage amount 2. In a statement of cash flows, what amount is included in financing activities for the above transaction? a. Cash payment b. Acquisition price c. Zero d. Mortgage amount Use the following information for questions 3 and 4. Smiley Corp. ‘s transactions for the year ended December 31, 2011 included the following: * Purchased real estate for $550,000 cash which was borrowed from a bank. Sold available-for-sale securities for $500,000. * Paid dividends of $600,000. * Issued 500 shares of common stock for $250,000. * Purchased machinery and equipment for $125,000 cash. * Paid $450,000 toward a bank loan. * Reduced accounts receivable by $100,000. * Increased accounts payable $200,000. 3. Smiley's net cash used in investing activities for 2011 was a. $675,000. b. $375,000. c. $175,000. d. $50,000. 4. Smiley's net cash used in financing activities for 2011 was a. $50,000. b. $250,000. c. $450,000. d. $500,000. Use the following information for questions 5 and 6. P eavy Corp. s transactions for the year ended December 31, 2011 included the following: 0 Acquired 50% of Gant Corp. ‘s common stock for $180,000 cash which was borrowed from a bank. 1 Issued 5,000 shares of its preferred stock for land having a fair value of $320,000. 2 Issued 500 of its 11% debenture bonds, due 2016, for $392,000 cash. 3 Purchased a patent for $220,000 cash. 4 Paid $120,000 toward a bank loan. 5 Sold available-for-sale securities for $796,000. 6 Had a net increase in returnable customer deposits (long-term) of $88,000. 5. Peavy’s net cash provided by investing activities for 2011 was a. $296,000. b. 396,000. c. $476,000. d. $616,000. 6. Peavy’s net cash provided by financing activities for 2011 was a. $452,000. b. $540,000. c. $572,000. d. $660,000. Use the following information for questions 7 through 9. Jamison Corp. ‘s balance sheet accounts as of December 31, 2011 and 2010 and information relating to 2011 activities are presented below . December 31, 2011 2010 Assets Cash$ 440,000$ 200,000 Short-term investments600,000— Accounts receivable (net)1,020,0001,020,000 Inventory1,380,0001,200,000 Long-term investments400,000600,000 Plant assets3,400,0002,000,000 Accumulated depreciation(900,000)(900,000)Patent 180,000 200,000 Total assets$6,520,000$4,320,000 Liabilities and Stockholders' Equity Accounts payable and accrued liabilities$1,660,000$1,440,000 Notes payable (nontrade)580,000— Common stock, $10 par1,600,0001,400,000 Additional paid-in capital800,000500,000 Retained earnings 1,880,000 980,000 Total liabilities and stockholders' equity$6,520,000$4,320,000 Information relating to 2011 activities: 7 Net income for 2011 was $1,500,000. 8 Cash dividends of $600,000 were declared and paid in 2011. 9 Equipment costing $1,000,000 and having a carrying amount of $320,000 was sold in 2011 for $360,000. 0 A long-term investment was sold in 2011 for $320,000. There were no other transactions affecting long-te rm investments in 2011. 11 20,000 shares of common stock were issued in 2011 for $25 a share. 12 Short-term investments consist of treasury bills maturing on 6/30/12. 7. Net cash provided by Jamison’s 2011 operating activities was a. $1,500,000. b. $2,120,000. c. $2,080,000. d. $2,160,000. 8. Net cash used in Jamison’s 2011 investing activities was a. $2,320,000. b. $1,820,000. c. $1,680,000. d. $1,720,000. 9. Net cash provided by Jamison’s 2011 financing activities was a. 480,000. b. $520,000. c. $1,080,000. d. $1,680,000. 10. Foxx Corp. ‘s comparative balance sheet at December 31, 2011 and 2010 reported accumulated depreciation balances of $800,000 and $600,000, respectively. Property with a cost of $50,000 and a carrying amount of $38,000 was the only property sold in 2011. Depreciation charged to operations in 2011 was a. $188,000. b. $200,000. c. $212,000. d. $224,000. 11. Nagel Co. ‘s prepaid insurance was $90,000 at December 31, 2011 and $45,0 00 at December 31, 2010. Insurance expense was $36,000 for 2011 and $27,000 for 2010.What amount of cash disbursements for insurance would be reported in Nagel's 2011 net cash provided by operating activities presented on a direct basis? a. $99,000. b. $81,000. c. $54,000. d. $36,000. Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | a| 3. | c| 5. | b| 7. | c| 9. | a| 11. | b| 2. | c| 4. | b| 6. | b| 8. | a| 10. | c| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. aConceptual. 2. cConceptual. 3. c($550,000) + $500,000 – $125,000 = ($175,000). 4. b$550,000 – $600,000 + $250,000 – $450,000 = ($250,000). 5. b($180,000) – $220,000 + $796,000 = $396,000. 6. $180,000 + $392,000 – $120,000 + $88,000 = $540,000. 7. c$1,500,000 – $180,000 + ($900,000 – $900,000 + $680,000) – ($360,000 – $320,000) + $20,000 + $220,000 – ($320,000 – $200,000) = $2,080,000. 8. a$3 20,000 + $360,000 – ($3,400,000 + $1,000,000 – $2,000,000) – $600,000 = $2,320,000. 9. a20,000 ? $25 = $500,000 $500,000 + $580,000 – $600,000 = $480,000. 10. c$800,000 – $600,000 + ($50,000 – $38,000) = $212,000. 11. b$90,000 + $36,000 – $45,000 = $81,000. Chapter 24- Full Disclosure in Financial Reporting 1. Which of the following facts concerning plant assets should be included in the summary of significant accounting policies?Depreciation MethodComposition a. NoYes b. YesYes c. YesNo d. NoNo 2. Farr, Inc. is a multidivisional corporation which has both intersegment sales and sales to unaffiliated customers. Farr should report segment financial information for each division meeting which of the following criteria? a. Segment profit or loss is 10% or more of consolidated profit or loss. b. Segment profit or loss is 10% or more of combined profit or loss of all company segments. c. Segment revenue is 10% or more of combined revenue o f all the company segments. d. Segment revenue is 10% or more of consolidated revenue. 3. Unruh Corp. nd its divisions are engaged solely in manufacturing operations. The following data (consistent with prior years' data) pertain to the industries in which operations were conducted for the year ended December 31, 2011. Assets Industry Revenue Profit 12/31/11 A$ 8,000,000$1,320,000$16,000,000 B6,400,0001,120,00014,000,000 C4,800,000960,00010,000,000 D2,400,000440,0005,200,000 E3,400,000540,0005,600,000 F 1,200,000 180,000 2,400,000 $26,200,000$4,560,000$53,200,000 In its segment information for 2011, how many reportable segments does Unruh have? a. Three b. Four c. Five d. Six 4.The following information pertains to Nixon Corp. and its divisions for the year ended December 31, 2011. Sales to unaffiliated customers$2,500,000 Intersegment sales of products similar to those sold to unaffiliated customers750,000 Interest earned on loans to other operating segments50,000 Nixon and all of its divisions are engaged solely in manufacturing operations. Nixon has a reportable segment if that segment's revenue exceeds a. $330,000. b. $325,000. c. $255,000. d. $250,000. 5. Advertising costs may be accrued or deferred to provide an appropriate expense in each period for InterimYear-end Financial ReportingFinancial Reporting . YesNo b. YesYes c. NoNo d. NoYes 6. Mayo Corp. has estimated that total depreciation expense for the year ending December 31, 2011 will amount to $300,000, and that 2011 year-end bonuses to employees will total $600,000. In Mayo's interim income statement for the six months ended June 30, 2011, what is the total amount of expense relating to these two items that should be reported? a. $0. b. $150,000. c. $450,000. d. $900,000. 7. Fina Corp. had the following transactions during the quarter ended March 31, 2011: Loss from hurricane damage$350,000 Payment of fire insurance premium for calendar year 2011500,000What amount should be included in Fina's inco me statement for the quarter ended March 31, 2011? Extraordinary LossInsurance Expense a. $350,000$500,000 b. $350,000$125,000 c. $87,500$125,000 d. $0$500,000 8. For interim financial reporting, an extraordinary gain occurring in the second quarter should be a. recognized ratably over the last three quarters. b. recognized ratably over all four quarters with the first quarter being restated. c. recognized in the second quarter. d. disclosed by note only in the second quarter. *9. How is the average inventory used in the calculation of each of the following?Acid-Test (Quick) RatioInventory Turnover Ratio a. NumeratorNumerator b. NumeratorDenominator c. Not UsedDenominator d. Not UsedNumerator *10. Which of the following ratios is(are) useful in assessing a company's ability to meet current maturing or short-term obligations? Acid-Test RatioDebt to Total Assets Ratio a. NoNo b. NoYes c. YesYes d. YesNo *11. Which of the following ratios should be used in evaluating the effectiveness with which the company uses its assets? Receivables TurnoverPayout Ratio a. YesYes b. NoNo c. YesNo d. NoYes Multiple Choice Answers—CPA Adapted Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | Item| Ans. | 1. | c| 3. | b| 5. | b| 7. | b| *9. | c| *11. | c| 2. | c| 4. | b| 6. | c| 8. | c| *10. | d| | | No. AnswerDerivation 1. cConceptual. 2. cConceptual. 3. bRevenue test: $26,200,000 ? 10% = $2,620,000 Profit test: $4,560,000 ? 10% = $456,000 Asset test: $53,200,000 ? 10% = $5,320,000 A, B, C, E. 4. b($2,500,000 + $750,000) ? 10% = $325,000. 5. bConceptual. 6. c($300,000 + $600,000) ? 2 = $450,000. 7. bExtraordinary loss = $350,000 Insurance expense = $500,000 ? 4 = $125,000. 8. cConceptual. *9. cConceptual. *10. dConceptual. *11. cConceptual.